Pes R\ Ge bist NUP PALL. ORNITHOLOGICAL. Ce) [875— 1986 RUN OATS [42 the ED : of ry © a ibra: iE c of I) Se 10 | useu. a M HISTORY OF THE NU Ai ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 1873-1986 un Awatad Thomas Nuttall, born 5 January 1786, in Yorkshire, England emigrated to the United States in 1808, and remained until 1841. Primarily a botanist, he traveled and collected extensively as far as California and Oregon and Florida and Louisiana. Coming from Philadelphia in 1823, he became curator of the Botanic Garden, Harvard University. While at Harvard he spent nearly five years compiling information for a treatise on North American birds which was published as a manual on the ornithology of the United States and Canada. There were two volumes, the first, published in 1832 on the land birds, the second on water birds in 1834. It is perhaps these ornithological pursuits, to- gether with his residence in Cambridge, which led to his name being chosen for William Brewster’s fledgling ornithological club in 1873. MEMOIRS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, NO. 11 Editor, Raymond A. Paynter, Jr. mis lORY OF WHE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL ike 1873-1986 Wiha 2. DAV TS; JIK: CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS Published by the Club 1987 Hal MEMOIRS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB Bird Migration. William Brewster. 1886. 22 pp. . The Ipswich Sparrow (Ammodramus princeps Maynard) and Its Summer Home. Jon- athan Dwight, Jr. 1895. 56 po Lol pl . The Birds of Essex County, Massachusetts. Charles Wendell Townsend. 1905. 352 pp., 1 pl., 1 map. . The Birds of the Cambridge Region of Massachusetts. William Brewster. 1906. 425 pp., 4 pl., 3 maps. . Supplement to the Birds of Essex County Massachusetts. Charles Wendell Townsend. 1205 195s pp. pls lamnaip: . The Birds of Cuba. Thomas Barbour. 1923. 141 pp., 4 pl. . The Birds of Newfoundland Labrador. Oliver Luther Austin, Jr. 1932. tv + 229 pp., | map. . An Account of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 1873 to 1919. Charles Foster Batch- elderw937— LOUsppsel pl: . Cuban Ornithology. Thomas Barbour. 1943. 144 pp., 2 pl. . A Bibliography of the Published Writings of William Brewster. Charles Foster Batch- elder. 1951. 54 pp. History of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 1873-1986. William E. Davis, Jr. 1987. xii + 179 pp., frontispiece, 29 figs. MCZ LIBRARY APR 15 1987 HARVARD UNIVERSITY © Copyright 1987 b Nuttall Ornithological Club The publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club may be obtained from the Nuttall Ornithological Club, c/o Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 To my father William E. Davis, M.D. who has inspired in me a life-long interest in birds CONTENTS ERE AO Bibs orcee pete jaau ae ot oh ein) eV sceifas gl aleceiataielig Gisi.ciaa sl =/cala) e/aiarugelalis/euel/eje, ofele x elaxeis isi eeys ix LS AUN TRYO TN UCIT ONE Gre iGae co Onn CA OO CO Or aro OPC Tornoe COCO oma rar 1 PEAR ye WEARS ES Co LGR! ge sie cidcers ale saber ee nies siecle w agele siGsi ose eibn'@ sle'e 9 3. Grover M. AEDEN YEARS; [919—1942 3. cccc cis sec trscacswcewes tuleen 31 4, JAMES L. PETERS YEARS, 1942-1952 ......... eee eeeeeee eee ccceeeees 51 5. BEGINNINGS OF A “NEW” CLUB—TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973 ..... 67 6. STARTING THE SECOND CENTURY, 1973-1986 ........2ccccccvncneces 89 7. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS .....eeeeeeeescecececccececes 105 APPENDIX I. ListS OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ..ceeeeescececcccceccees 151 SPENDERS Ely PUBEIGAMEONS? ie c') 0 ccleresle ole cis'sie om oe 6 a-ele's) ers aveis sc. eis eee 169 SEEPIMDES MMe DS VLAWS . slavoyaze cvstsiayere) «ele, e1n@lscc1e)e wrerereiene siniesefereie eeveis oieiels Ae agar D. L. Garrison, Chairman A. W. Argue In accordance with the proposals, a field notes section was discon- tinued in the minutes of the meeting and a “Field Note Volume” be- came the repository these records. However, all was not going well. The minutes of the 20 November 1950 meeting carry the cryptic note, “Field notes submitted were at a bare minimum.” Then in the 18 December meeting of the same year, “Field notes of interest were reported but the Secretary found no forms turned in for the Field Notes Book. Free forms are with the book.” Then in April 1951 the minutes carry an “ADDENDA: Dr. Blake suggested that field notes be submitted in any method of writing preferred by the individual in question, rather than on an established form.” No further negative comments on the system show up in the minutes throughout the remainder of the Peters pres- idency, nor are any field notes reported in the minutes. The Club continued to be actively involved with other organizations in the field of ornithology. In 1952 $250 was donated to the endow- ment fund of the AOU. The Club contributed $25 to the Hawk Moun- 65 PETERS YEARS, 1942-1952. tain Sanctuary in 1944, and had increased the gift to $50 by 1950. Dur- ing a meeting in 1947 “The desirability of membership in the A.O.U. and the Northeastern Bird Banding Association were pointed out.” Fre- quently the programs of NEBBA were circulated at Club meetings. Among the miscellaneous events that occurred during the Peters years are the return of the 1872 reproduction of the Audubon [elephant fo- lio] “Wild Turkey Plate,” which the Club had received as a bequest of Dr. Woodman im 1932; .. to his hems at they desire 7) > because the Club has no place to exhibit such material.” Another bequest was from Dr. Morton E Cummings who died in April 1949. Eventually the Club will receive a remainder interest of $1,000 from the trust for his wife and daughter. Other notable events are Parker Reed’s 200 pounds of peanut butter which he sold to members for 15 cents/pound, and Russ Mason’s request, “Mr. Mason would like volunteers during the spring to stay up all night in the John Hancock Bldg. tower to watch migrations as visible under that company’s beacon.” On 7 April 1952 James Lee Peters presided as president over the regular meeting of the club. On 19 April, just two days before the next regularly scheduled meeting, Peters died of complications resulting from a heart attack. This rather quiet man, possessed of a fine sense of hu- mor according to those who knew him, had been Curator of Birds at the Museum of Comparative Zoology since 1932, a president of the AOU, and was perhaps best known for his enormous Check-list of Birds of the World. He had been a diligent leader of the Club, guiding it through some trying years, years when change was occurring rather quickly, missing less than 20 of the 135 meetings for which we have records during his stewardship. Careful and precise in his work, he was largely a museum ornithologist, although a frequent contributor to the field notes at the Club meetings. His death brought to an end another era in the Club. As we shall see, a “new” Club was to emerge during the following decades. 66 5 BEGINNINGS OF A “NEW” CLUB— TRANSITION YEARS 1952-1973 The death of Jim Peters marked the end of still another era for the Nuttall Ornithological Club, and the year following his death proved to be the beginning of a new, radically different period. In the May 1952 meeting following Peters’ death, a long discussion of bylaws interpretation was followed by a decision to postpone voting on a new president until the annual meeting late in the fall. In October Messrs. Hagar, Batchelder, and Garrison were appointed a committee to review the bylaws, and the committee was soon ex- panded to include Richard Eaton and William Drury. Clearly, some se- rious changes were to be discussed. In December the council voted the establishment of a program committee to be responsible for evening speakers and other projects that the Club might wish to conduct. But all this burst of creative activity was but a preliminary for the main event of the fall season, the election of a new president. In October vice president Blake announced the appointment of a nominating committee consisting of Messrs. Hinchman, Tabor, and Morrison, who reported to the Club in November “Your committee re- ports that it was unable to reach unanimous agreement as to candidates for the office of President and Vice-President. Two members of the committee present the names of Charles H. Blake for President and Dr. Stuart K. Harris for Vice-President. The third member of the com- mittee presents the names of Ludlow Griscom for President and Charles H. Blake for Vice-President.” At the annual meeting of 3 December 1952, 42 members were present, the largest turnout in the Club’s his- tory for a regular meeting, and second only to Batchelder’s party hon- oring the sixtieth anniversary of the Club, a dinner celebration held in his home. The meeting was also held on “neutral ground” at the Bio- logical Laboratories at Harvard University. Ludlow Griscom, who had attended but four meetings in the preceding five years, was elected by a vote of 28 to 13. The vote was somewhat along the new guard/old guard lines. The more traditional Club members were clearly in the minority; the more active birdwatchers, including the Massachusetts Audubon Society group, favored the “dean of the birders,” Ludlow Griscom. Wendell Taber, Griscom’s foe, in a letter later traces his “ uncontested divorce from the bird group in this state [Massachusetts] 67 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. on December | [3], 1952.” All indications are that the political jousting had been intense and Griscom, with his new guard field-oriented sup- porters, had clearly won the day. Charles Blake became the vice pres- ident. Griscom was not present for the election, but assumed office and pre sided over the following meeting, at which 32 members were present, and at which he gave the presentation of the evening, a report on the fall migration. That election night marked the end of the old era in another way. No longer were the meetings to be held in the congenial atmosphere of a private home. The move to the Biological Laboratories had been in the air for some time. A 3 June 1952 letter from Charlie Blake hints at the effects of the Griscom—Taber rift, “I don’t know whether you remember that during the war the NOC did meet occasionally at the Audubon Society. It helped the transportation situation for some peo- ple at that time but the general feeling was that it was much less pleas- Fig. 16. Roger Tory Peterson (left) and Ludlow Griscom, president, 1952— ba: Courtesy Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 7150, American Ornithologists’ Union Collection, 1883—1977. 68 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. ant than a private home. We could secure accommodations without charge at at least three places and possibly four, but I don’t hear any lively demand from the brethren as a whole to change our custom al- though I recognize the existence of certain frictions which would be alleviated if there were more meeting places.” At the first October meeting Russ Mason made a motion, which was eventually tabled, to hold future meetings in Room 225 of the Biological Laboratories. ‘Taber responded that he continued to extend his invitation for the use of his home as a meeting place but acknowledged that he had already planned to hold the annual meeting at the laboratories. The politicking was going on. The minutes are silent as to why the Club continued to meet at Harvard after the annual meeting, until the minutes of the May council meeting report, “Although Mr. Griscom was generously willing to have the Club meet at his house, it was felt the Club should continue to meet in the Biological Laboratories because the atmosphere of the home is enjoyed at the expense of trouble to the host and there are numerous conve- niences offered by the present rooms which no private home can of- fer.” One wonders why the Club had continued to meet in private homes for some 30 years if this was the case; it seems a euphemistic smoke- screen for the major advantage of the Harvard meeting place, that of neutral ground. The year 1953 produced a burst of new activity and renewed vigor. A program committee with James Greenway as chairman, together with Griscom and Russ Mason, provided a slate of impressive speakers. More than half of the year’s speakers were guests, the largest number to ad- dress the Club in a single year. These men gave an excellent series of presentations. Included was a talk by Ernst Mayr on speciation, C. P. Lyman on temperature experiments on the legs of gulls, James Fisher on range and population changes in European birds, Philip Darlington on the distribution of flightless birds that focused on the evolutionary mechanisms involved, and Donald Griffin on acoustic orientation in bats and birds. In addition, members Morgan and Drury presented a review of the season at the October meeting and Josselyn Van Tyne discussed various aspects of publication in ornithology. Clearly, a great effort was made to recruit very high caliber speakers. The number of guests per meeting more than doubled over preceding years and established a trend which has persisted to the present day (Fig. 2). The vigor of the Club in 1953 can be seen in many of its activities. There was an unusually large total of nine council meetings, at which a number of innovations were implemented. In January not only was a program committee appointed but the expenditure of up to $50 for traveling expenses for speakers was authorized, an obvious attempt to increase the quality of the presentations at meetings. Significant bylaws 69 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. changes were recommended by the council, and one meeting focused on the subject of Club activities, with the proposal that a committee be appointed to meet with Ernst Mayr and then report specific projects to the Club. James Greenway suggested that the Club’s purpose is to further or- nithology as a science and the Club might investigate such problems as the differing abundance of sibling species, such as the relative scarcity of Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) relative to Downies (P. pubes- cens) or how gulls displace terns at a breeding colony. Ludlow Griscom suggested that amateurs could attack local faunistics, through bird- banding, life history studies, or other projects such as the preparation of check-lists of Massachusetts or New England birds, or experimental studies such as transferring Purple Martin (Progne subis) eggs to Tree Swallow (Iridoprocne bicolor) nests in an attempt to establish new martin colonies. In addition, the Club agreed, in late 1952, that a bibliography of James Peters, with an introduction by Alexander Wetmore, would be published as a Memoir of the Club, but this project did not come to fruition. At a later meeting it was suggested that Club members might in an organized fashion update and expand Forbush’s work, expand the Christmas counts to other parts of the year, and monitor nesting SUCCESS. At a December 1953 meeting various proposals were discussed, 1n- cluding, for example, Ernst Mayr’s suggestion for precise mapping of the distribution of selected species, echoing a recommendation made by a Club committee in 1921. (These proposals still have not been im- plemented.) After much discussion the membership voted for the es- tablishment of an activities committee to evaluate possible projects. At another meeting Mayr brought before the Club for discussion the ques- tion of standardization of colloquial names of subspecies. Eventually by a vote of 19 to 2 the consensus was that the AOU check-list committee should choose vernacular species names but list the subspecies only by technical names. It was then moved and voted to notify the AOU check- list committee “. . . of the Club’s pleasure.” The membership was cer- tainly feeling its oats. The always difficult problem of membership requirements was again thoroughly masticated. The minutes of the May 1953 council meeting state “It was felt that members are not to be elected at the indiscrimi- nate suggestion of Residence Members. The question of the relation between Professional and Amateur interests was raised and whether the Club should drift towards closer relations with the Audubon Society or remain wholly independent. The point was raised . . . whether it was proper for the Club’s membership to be a reward for simply good work in the popularization and public relations of the study of birds or re- 70 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. main based on interest in and work on the technical aspects. It was agreed in the conclusion of this discussion that the best means of sat- isfying the standard of membership was to retain the limit of mem- bership as 112.” This decision left six nominations for membership not acted upon. Later this rule was temporarily suspended to allow the elec- tion of Raymond A. Paynter, Jr., who, together with Ernst Mayr, was to have substantial impact on the Club, later becoming, like Mayr, pres- ident of the Club. The Club extended an invitation to the AOU for the 1955 meeting, the $2,000 needed to make the invitation being guaranteed by individ- ual members. In April 1953 the Club, on the request of A. C. Bent, reaffirmed that the Club would, “. . . sponsor the continuation of my work on the Life Histories of North American Birds after I am unable to carry on with it, and appoint a committee to complete the work.” The committee was voted and Wendell ‘Taber was named chairman. Another of the major events that marked 1953 as an important year for the Club was the thorough revision of the bylaws, which was dis- cussed by the 14 members present as a “committee of the whole” and then, with minor modifications, accepted. The august committee on the revision of bylaws, composed of C. F. Batchelder, David Garrison, Rich- ard Eaton, and William Drury, and chaired by Joseph A. Hagar pointed out that there had been no major modifications in the bylaws since 1899, except for those dealing with the publication fund, the nominating committee, and the rotation of councillors. Many changes obviously had occurred in the Club since that date, among them was a spectacular financial growth. Thus, some major revisions were in order. “The du- ties of the Secretary and Treasurer are more fully defined to conform with the increased legal responsibility and property holdings of the Club, ..” and an annual audit was prescribed. The concept of forced rotation in office, which had previously ap- plied only to councillors, was now extended to the president and vice president. The councillors’ terms were of five years duration, with one position voted on each year. The restriction of the presidential term to three years was another of the 1953 watershed decisions. In the pre- ceding 80 years of the Club’s history there had been but a total of three presidents (the single year of Henry Purdie’s presidency in 1875—76 excepted), and it was clearly traditional to consider the president as essentially elected for life. The stormy controversies that were swirling around the Club may have suggested a three-year term for the exec- utive leadership as a safer, compromise stance. The long-since dormant Corresponding Member class was abolished. The year 1953 had been one of decision for the Club. ‘The binocular crowd outnumbered the traditional contingent, Ludlow Griscom was a TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. president, influential new members, including Ernst Mayr and Ray- mond Paynter, had joined the Club, the bylaws had been substantially revised and updated, a gossip section appears in the meeting minutes of secretary William Drury, the presidential term had been limited, and a neutral meeting ground had been found at the Harvard’s Biological Laboratories. There were, however, still strong and bitter divisions within the Club membership. The era of the Nuttall Club as a “Victorian gentlemen’s club” was largely over. For better or for worse, the Club was headed in new directions. The explosive popularity of the sport of birding, together with the maturation and expansion of the science of ornithology into the areas of evolutionary biology and ethology, would have necessitated new directions for the Club in any case. “It was the best of years, it was the worst of years.” In December 1953, with Ludlow Griscom in poor health and not at- tending the last five meetings of the year, Charles Blake was elected president with C. Russell Mason as vice president. The momentum and energy which had developed in 1953 carried over into 1954 but then began to fade. The program committee of Russell Mason, Ernst Mayr, and William Drury produced an excellent series of programs and speakers, although outside speakers, who had given more than half of the programs in 1953, provided less than thirty percent of those in 1954. Richard Miller talked on predator prey relationships, Martin Moynihan on “Hostile Behavior in the Black-headed Gull,” and Allen Keast on Australian ecology, to name a few of the distinguished pre- sentations. Ludlow Griscom provided two reviews of the seasons and a talk on the breeding birds of Cape Cod. The “Christmas census” re- ports were now part of the field notes. When discussions are mentioned in the minutes of the meetings, Ernst Mayr’s name is frequently men- tioned as contributing to them. An attempt to get the membership of the Club involved in ornithological projects continued. At one meeting William Drury outlined possible Club involvement in a project to map breeding bird distribution in eastern Massachusetts. The minutes read, “The important question raised was whether the members of the Club are interested enough to carry this along. . . .” The usual suggestion for the formation of a committee followed. The council voted to give $100 to the Sudbury Valley Trustees for land purchases but did not contribute to Hawk Mountain. The ceiling on membership was rigidly enforced by the council, so that although one new member was elected in 1954, four names were tabled, three of whom never became members. There was already a growing concern on the part of some factions that the Massachusetts Audubon Society and its birders were gaining too much control of the Club, although the reason for this apprehension is certainly question- 72 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. 4 2 (& ; hy Fig. 17. C. Russell Mason (left), president, 1955-57, and Donald Alex- ander (right), treasurer, 1940—42, and auditor, 1962-. Courtesy Massachusetts Audubon Society. able considering the presence of some of the Club’s professional or- nithologists on the board of directors of Masssachusetts Audubon. Another era was closed on 7 November 1954 with the death of Charles F. Batchelder. This oldest living member of the Club, at 98, was the last of the surviving founders of the AOU as well. He had been the treasurer of the Club for a half a century and a gracious host to the meetings in his home for nearly 30 years. He was a true gentleman and perhaps more than anyone else symbolized the warmth with formality, the gracious elegance, and the congeniality of that era in the Club’s history, when meetings consisted of a tight group of approximately 20 73 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. men meeting in the comfortable surroundings of a prosperous private home. By 1955 the minutes of the meetings suggest that a relative calm had returned, with several birding trip reports, and a review of the fall mi- gration by Allen Morgan, interspersed with Australian Harry Frith’s talk on Mallee Fowl (Leipoa ocellata) illustrated by movies. Andrew Mey- erriecks, a graduate student, talked on his study of the breeding be- havior of the Green [Green-backed] Heron (Butorides striatus), a study which eventually was to become one of the Nuttall Club’s most impor- tant publications. The Club continued its active interaction with the AOU by voting to be the joint sponsor with the Massachusetts Audubon Society of the president’s coffee hour at the 1955 AOU meeting. In December C. Rus- sell Mason was elected president with Ernst Mayr as vice president. The years from 1956 through 1960 saw an increase in the Club’s membership. At the December 1956 council meeting, with Russ Mason in the chair, it was voted to remove the limit on the number of active members; promptly seven men were voted into membership. Although no new members were elected in 1957, in the first full year of Ernst Mayr’s presidency, 1958, nine new members were elected and the fol- lowing year nine more. Four more were added in 1960 during William Drury’s presidency. Largely under the influence of Russ Mason, ex- ecutive director of the Massachusetts Audubon Society, the Club grew closer to that organization, storing their publications with the society, voting, for example, in 1958 to pay for a die for a medal to be given by the Massachusetts Audubon Society each year for an outstanding photograph in their international exhibition of nature photographs, and in general feeling the influence of Massachusetts Audubon. This was not favorably received by some members, who felt that this was eroding the professionalism of the Club and promoting the influence of the birders. It was perhaps a reaction to these perceptions that led to a discussion by the council in February 1961, with President Paynter pre- siding, on the maintenance of “. . . a high level in qualifications of new members” in which it was suggested that as a matter of policy the coun- cil should maintain a rather stringent screening process “. . . to pre- serve the high standing of the Club in ornithological circles.” At the regular meeting of the Club that March a similar discussion was con- ducted with a consensus that “. . . proposals for membership should be based on something more than mere interest in birding as such. . . .” The pendulum was clearly swinging back in a more conservative direction. There were no new members elected in 1961, and the names of several people proposed for membership were tabled. From 1956—61 the caliber of the guest speakers remained high with 74 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. Fig. 18. Ernst Mayr, president, 1957-59. 75 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. such notables as Alexander Wetmore presenting a program on the or- nithology of Panama; James Bond, an exchange speaker with the Del- aware Valley Ornithological Club, lecturing on land birds of the West Indies; Finn Salomonsen of Denmark speaking on the evolutionary sig- nificance of bird migration; and Alvin Novick giving an account of echolocation in the Edible-nest Swiftlet (Collocalia fuciphaga). The min- utes of the meeting at which Dr. Novick spoke report that he had eaten bird nest soup which consisted of “. . . a chicken broth base with . floating lumps of translucent material with no flavor but with the con- sistency of a cross between cartilage and rice crispies’—a gustatory de- light! Robert C. Murphy talked on Antarctica. Alfred Romer, director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, gave at the museum a pre- sentation on exhibits and “the group then moved upstairs and spent the rest of the evening inspecting the new bird exhibit and enjoying an informal social hour.” In 1957 the program committee was authorized to raise [spend] up to $100 per year for speakers outside the Boston area. Ludlow Griscom’s failing health prevented him from presenting his popular review of the seasons, although the tradition was carried on by other members. After Griscom’s death in 1959, one meeting was oi ae “Bie ey Fig. 19. William Drury, president, 1959-60. Courtesy Massachusetts Audubon Society. 76 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. devoted to an informal memorial to him. Mayr, then president, sug- gested that the passing of Griscom was the end of the period of orni- thological history when field lists were the most important activity, and predicted that the next period would center around bird behavior. It was during this period in the late 1950s that the momentum of the Club showed signs of waning. Attendance at meetings began to fall off somewhat and the question of whether or not the Club could con- tinue to support two meetings a month began to generate comment. The minutes of the regular meeting in November 1957 read, “Mr. Ar- gue suggested that in the future the Club should meet only once a month. Dr. Mayr proposed that one meeting be a program meeting and the other a discussion meeting.” ‘The matter was then referred to the coun- cil. The minutes of the December 1958 council meeting state, “There was a discussion of the kinds and number of meetings to be held in the future.” Then, later, at the regular meeting, it was reported that the council suggested “. . . that for the time being one outside speaker be obtained each month and the other meeting be devoted to field notes, reviews of the literature, discussions, etc.” A questionnaire was circu- lated among the members concerning the format of future meetings. Forty-four were returned and educational talks received the highest rating, including such subjects as migration, ecology, and behavior. The Club was about equally divided over the issue of one or two meetings a month. Then, in the October 1959 meeting, “Mr. Keenan explained that there would be one meeting a month this season with a speaker and the other meeting will be devoted to informal discussion on various topics.” This apparently didn’t work out too well because the February 1960 minutes read, “Discussion was had relative to the fate of the second meeting of the month currently being devoted to general dis- cussion programs. In spite of some suggestion for salvaging these meet- ings, there was a widespread feeling that these meetings ought to be suspended, temporarily, at least. The situation was momentarily eased by Mr. Reed’s offer to lead a discussion on banding at the next meet- ing.” Presumably since it was an “informal” meeting, the March 21 min- utes read, “The meeting . . . began spontaneously at 8:06. No formal procedure was followed.” The second December meeting of 1959, and seven meetings in the following year, had an attendance of a dozen or less. The minutes of the informal October meeting are abbreviated to the point of stating that an informal meeting was held. The council minutes of October 1961 state, “Voted: to suspend the 2nd meeting of the month.” Monthly meetings were, from then on, the pattern of the Club. During the decade of the fifties there had been a trend away from members giving large numbers of presentations. There were a few ex- | TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. ceptions, such as Aaron Bagg, Allen Morgan, and William Drury who each gave eight programs and James Baird, Norman Hill, and Joseph A. Hagar who spoke six times, but more than 15 members gave only two or three talks. Two long-time Club members died during 1960, Francis N. Balch, who had originally been elected in 1897, and Wendell Taber, who had frequently hosted the Club meetings at his home during the 1940s and early 1950s. Taber’s death raised the problem of who should edit the remainder of the Bent life histories series. In January 1961 President Paynter an- nounced his appointment of Oliver L. Austin, Jr., as chairman of the Arthur Cleveland Bent life history committee and editor of the Bent life histories series. Austin had been Taber’s choice to succeed him. During the early and mid-1960s there was a tendency toward relying on Club members to provide talks, with considerably fewer than half the programs given by outside speakers. However, there were some notable exceptions during this period. For example, E. Thomas Gilliard gave an interesting lecture principally on “Arena behavior of various groups of birds in New Guinea, Little Tobago, and British Guiana.” From time to time a bird identification quiz with bird skins selected by Raymond Paynter, or others, occupied an evening. Members gave many talks of note, Ernst Mayr’s “History of the Central American and South American Bird Fauna,” serving as an example. That Club members were aware of the threat to wildlife posed by pesticides was well documented by the minutes of a 1963 meeting which read, “The program of the evening was devoted to a round table discussion of the timely topic of pesticides in relation to wildlife. Although no blood was shed, there were indeed some strongly felt opinions expressed. The Club was for- tunate to have as its guest Mr. H. Thurston Handley, Jr., from the Waltham Field Station, who presented some of the ‘facts of life’ from the agricultural side of the picture.” It must have been a lively meeting. That the social aspects of the Club meetings had undergone sub- stantial change is attested to by a series of comments in the minutes. In a 1961 meeting the minutes read, “After introduction of guests the President [Paynter] called for an introduction of members since there is not sufficient opportunity in these days for members to become well acquainted. Each member then introduced himself.” In the January 1962 minutes we find, “Members were called upon to rise and introduce themselves.” The minutes as late as 1964, with President Root presid- ing, contain similar references. The days when the Club consisted of a small group who all knew each other well was gone. Field notes were sparingly mentioned in the minutes and for some time not included at all. Whether or not this represented a diminution in interest in field 78 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. notes is uncertain. The 1966 annual meeting announcement did, how- ever, contain the following note, “Informal dinner at the Chez Dreyfus at 6:00 P.M.,” so clearly there was some attempt to gather the Club membership together into more informal settings. The meetings were held in Room 455 of the Biological Laboratories, a less than optimal social setting. The Club continued to pursue its connections with the rest of the ornithological world by sending official representatives to international congresses, with G. William Cottrell appointed the official delegate to the XIII International Ornithological Congress at Ithaca, New York, in 1962 and Osborne Earle to the 1966 Congress at Oxford in Great Brit- ain. In 1959 the Club voted to send a note of protest to President Eisenhower and to Senators Kennedy and Saltonstall, concerning the Navy’s plan to kill albatrosses on Sand Island of the Midway Group. A signed letter of response by John F. Kennedy is bound with the minutes of the meeting. In 1961 the Club sent telegrams to appropriate mem- bers of Congress urging a favorable report and passage of the Salton- stall-Smith Bill to establish the Cape Cod National Seashore Monument. With the publication of the Fringillidae volumes in 1968, the Bent life histories series was completed and with it one of the few outside activ- ities the Club had officially sustained in its history. The names of eight Club members who had contributed to finishing that monumental work were listed, along with their contributions, in the minutes of the Oc- tober 1966 meeting. When it was reported that Massachusetts Audubon was planning to give up publication of Records of New England Birds, the possible implications for the Club were referred to council “. . . for consideration and recommendation.” The council, after due delibera- tion, concluded, “The Council feels that the “Records of New England Birds’ as recently published are not of sufficient scientific value to jus- tify action by the club.” In 1959 it was proposed that the council discuss the possibility of sending out a newsletter, but this project apparently did not come to fruition. A 1958 suggestion by Ernst Mayr that the “members make a census of species found regularly about houses in the summer to provide data for changes which are apt to occur in later years. In Europe additional species are still shifting to this type of habitat” apparently met the same fate as the proposed newsletter. The project which consumed progressively more time, energy, and money was the series Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. In March 1956 the council voted to publish a study on meadowlarks (Stwr- nella) by Wesley Lanyon as a Memoir, the first to be published since 1951. But at the June meeting the council voted to start a new publi- cation series with the Lanyon book, the series to be entitled Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. In 1957 the first of the new series The 79 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. Comparative Biology of the Meadowlarks (Sturnella) in Wisconsin was pub- lished. This volume was dedicated to the memory of James Lee Peters, whose substantial bequest to the publication fund helped make the new publication series possible. The second of the series was not to appear until 1960, but thereafter the monograph series publication rate in- creased until during the centennial year, 1973, the thirteenth of the series was published (Appendix II). In 1958 President Mayr appointed a committee of Greenway, Cottrell, and Austin to review one manu- script which was never published by the Club. In fact, a number of manuscripts were rejected for a variety of reasons. In 1962 a policy was stated in the council minutes that “. . . publication should be reserved for long papers such as monographs.” Interestingly, at the same council meeting a manuscript was rejected as too short while another manu- script was rejected, among other reasons, as being needlessly long. In 1963 the council rejected another manuscript as “. . . not of appro- priate interest and too localized in nature to fit in with the area of the ‘Publications’.” This decision was reviewed at a subsequent council meeting in response to criticism by Oliver Austin, Jr. and reaffirmed. “It was suggested that a more-or-less permanent publication board should be set up to ensure continuity in our publication policy.” In May 1966 Raymond Paynter was made editor, pro tem., replacing Oscar Root, who had been chiefly resonsible for editing four of the early publications. Paynter has remained editor of the series. As early as 1956 the council began an effort to increase the visibility of the publications series by instructing the secretary to send a letter advertising the opportunity of publishing papers sponsored by the Club. After the reviews of the Meyerriecks heron monograph, in 1960, the council decided to advertise the publications series with a notice in the Auk, and stated that the Club should prepare its own mailing list for promotional material. In 1961 it was decided to move the stock from the Massachusetts Audubon Society to the Museum of Comparative Zo- ology Bird Department. Paynter, Curator of Birds at the MCZ, agreed that the Bird Department would handle the mailing of publications while the treasurer would do the billing. A call for volunteers would be made to move the stock. The publications series had found a permanent home. Soon a brochure advertising the heron monograph was printed and included in the mailings of the MCZ. By July 1961 the list of NOC publications had been enclosed in the same envelopes with advertise- ments for the MCZ’s Peters’ Check-list of Birds of the World, and mailed to over 500 people and institutions. Mayr reported at a 1960 regular meeting ". . . that reviews of the Meyerriecks monograph are now coming in and with this publicity he feels that there will be no further 80 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. shortage of manuscripts.” In 1963 Paynter was formally put in charge of storage and distribution of the Club publications. In 1960 it was still Club policy to distribute a free copy of each pub- lication to members, but it was voted that year that members should by entitled to a 50 percent discount on the purchase of publications. Later a clarification of this policy stated that the half-price policy applies for one copy only, “Each member of course receives one copy of all new publications free.” This policy ended abruptly in 1969 with the terse statement in the minutes of the council, “The Club members will be charged for publications of the Club in the future.” So much for the free lunch. With the number of publications rising, there was concern that the Internal Revenue Service would conclude that members were receiving more than was covered by their dues, and the Club’s tax-free status would be withdrawn. An interesting series of events occurred when the question was raised in April 1962 about the disposition of the Audubon wild turkey print, which had been bequeathed to the Club by Walter Woodman in 1928. The council agreed to sell the print, which was housed at the MCZ, and President Paynter implemented the transaction for the highest price. Goodspeed’s Book Shop examined the print and declared it not a first edition, and showed no interest in it. In April 1964 the minutes indicate that the print was a chromolithograph by Bien and worth $25. The final disposition of the print does not emerge from the minutes of the meetings. Iwo years of investigations ended in the print’s nearly total devaluation. Another project which was to occupy much of the Club’s attention was the centennial celebration. As early as October 1963 thoughts were turning toward the event. At a regular meeting Richard Darby, then secretary of the Club, suggested that “. . . in view of the fact that the 100th anniversary of the Club is only 10 years away it might not be too soon to start preparations for a suitable celebration, especially with re- spect to funds.” The council responded quickly and in January 1964 voted to establish a centennial fund and to put a line on the dues bill reading, “Voluntary Contributions to the Centennial Fund.” In May 1964 Oscar Root, who was then president, and very much interested in the Club’s history and in the centennial celebration, sent out a long printed letter to members and friends of the Nuttall Club. In this letter he detailed the $10,000 goal of the centennial fund and its functions, which would include defraying expenses related to the celebration and the publication of an updated history of the Club from 1920-1973. Any remainder might be used to fund an annual lecture open to the public, a prize for significant contributions to ornithology, or any of a 81 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. number of purposes which would be consistent with the purposes of the Club. He had already sent out questionnaires for the preparation of biographical sketches of the members. By October of that year the treasurer reported that over $1,000 had been received from 75 donors. Plans were well underway. In the regular meeting of June 1967 President Norman Hill an- nounced the appointment of a centennial planning committee, with himself as chairman and as members Oscar Root, Richard Eaton, Rob- ert Fox, Raymond Paynter, James Baird, and Henry Culter. In April the council had authorized the president to appoint a fund-raising chairman and approved the following recommendations: (1) the Club should invite the AOU to hold its annual meeting in 1973 on Cape Cod with the Nuttall Club the host organization; (2) the Club should sponsor and publish a full-day “live” symposium to be integrated into the joint meeting with recognized experts speaking by invitation and presenting original contributions; (3) the Club should hold a small banquet the evening of the symposium for members, their spouses, and symposium speakers. A short history of the Club would be a party favor. At another meeting, the council authorized President Hill to invite the AOU to Cape Cod for the joint meeting. In October Hill reported that he had arrived at an informal agreement with the AOU to hold its 1973 meeting in October on Cape Cod, in conjunction with the NOC centennial. At the March 1970 council meeting, Darby, the new pres- ident, became the chairman of the centennial committee, which the council voted to activate along with thanks to the outgoing centennial planning committee. In 1969 the centennial planning suffered a serious reversal with the death of Oscar Root, a stalwart contributor to plans and the compiler of most of the biographical sketches of members, a project which eventually was finished by Kimball Elkins and published in time for the celebration. The update of the history of the Club was undertaken by Oliver L. Austin, Jr., who solicited information for the history from Club members, but because of time pressures was unable to bring the project to fruition for the centennial celebration. Other plans progressed rapidly, with the Club represented at AOU meetings to coordinate the joint function. In April 1971 the council voted to sponsor an autumn field trip to Lake Umbagog to commemorate Wil- liam Brewster’s initial trip 100 years earlier. Tudor Richards led the trip and it was reported to be a great success. In January 1973 Bennett Keenan was voted by the council to be treasurer for the centennial fund and for activities of the Club relating to the AOU joint meeting. The celebration was a gala affair, 8-12 October 1973, in the pleasant setting of the Provincetown Inn and Motel. The major events which the Club sponsored were an all-day symposium on avian energetics and 82 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. 1873 NUTTALL CLUB CENTE NNIAL 1973 Fig. 20. Banquet at the centennial celebration, October 1973. Raymond A. Paynter, Jr. (president, 1960—63, 1972—73) addressed the gathering on the sub- ject of change within the Club over the century. the centennial dinner. The esa, which was held in two sessions starting at 9:00 A.M. and concluding at 5:00 P.M., brought together some of the world’s leading energetics experts. William R. Dawson from the University of Michigan was the chairman of the sessions. The four speakers were James R. King from Washington State University, Wil- liam A. Calder, Jr. from the University of Arizona, Robert E. Ricklefs from the University of Pennsylvania, and Vance A. Tucker from Duke University. The three panel discussants were George A. Bartholomew, Jr., from the University of California, Los Angeles, S. Charles Ken- deigh from the University of Illinois, and Eugene P. Odum from the University of Georgia. The black-tie centennial banquet was restricted in attendance to members of the Club, their spouses, and special guests. Paynter, again the Club’s president, addressed the gathering on the subject of change within the Club over the century. During the meeting there were the other usual social events such as a walking tour of historic Provincetown and the ladies’ tour of the outer Cape. For the more ornithologically inclined, there was a field trip to Monomoy on Sunday, 7 October, a sea trip off Provincetown on Mon- day, and a Nauset Beach trip on Friday. There were 520 people reg- istered for the AOU meeting, far surpassing the previous record of 411, and 110 papers were delivered, erasing the old record of 83. It was a fine centennial celebration, with a suitable mix of social ex- periences and serious ornithology. The results of the symposium, the papers and discussants’ remarks, were edited by Paynter and published 83 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. a year later as No. 15 in the Club’s Publications series. Copies were mailed to those who had attended the centennial banquet. This contribution to scientific ornithology was in the best tradition of the Club and was an appropriate way for the Club to celebrate its 100th birthday. The Club had succeeded in remaining a viable organization through a century of ups and downs, and the inevitable turmoil that accom- panies change. It had celebrated its first century of existence, and now began to look forward to its second. But there were storm clouds on the horizon, which had been brewing for several years prior to the cen- tennial. A number of changes in the bylaws had been made and others, that would once again provoke a bitter controversy, were being for- mulated. During its first century the Nuttall Ornithological Club was, © SS beget Fig. 21. Raymond A. Paynter, Jr. (left), president, 1960-63, 1972—73: Nor- man P. Hill (right), president, 1966—69. In the center is Mrs. William B. Long, Jr., wife of the only Club member killed in World War II. 84 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. Fig. 22. Alton H. Hathaway, born in 1882, the oldest Club member at the centennial celebration. 85 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. Big 23% and Henry T. Wiggin (right), trustee, 1962— banquet. Hamilton Coolidge (left), trustee of the publication fund, 1980— , at the centennial celebration 86 TRANSITION YEARS, 1952-1973. Fig. 24. Roger T. Peterson and Richard J. Eaton, at the centennial banquet. with the exception of two early Corresponding Members, strictly a men’s club. The momentum to break with this tradition was growing rapidly, the politicking was entering the final stages, and the final showdown was not far away as the Club celebrated its 100th birthday. 87 6 STARTING THE SECOND CENTURY 1973-1986 The first decade of the Club’s second century saw some profound changes, as well as continued and reaffirmed traditions. The most sig- nificant changes were the admission of women to membership and the influence exerted by Manomet Bird Observatory, especially in its use of the Club as an educational forum for the MBO interns. The enor- mous increase in the number of guests at meetings reflects this latter influence. Even as the Club closed its ranks for the celebration of a century of tradition in the late sixties and early seventies, an undertone of change pervaded the minutes of the council, and is seen in the flurry of bylaws changes which traditionally have accompanied, or signaled, periods of rapid change. In 1966 it was voted to increase the dues from $2 to $5, and to elim- inate the life membership option. In 1970 the council suggested further bylaws changes to update them to present practice, including reducing the meeting dates to once a month, October through June, and sug- gesting that the terms of the councillors be reduced from five to three years. The council minutes are largely mute on other changes that were brewing, but the minutes of the regular meetings spell out the progress of the impending changes. The minutes of the November 1969 meeting are ominous. There were 21 members present, but no guests for the first time since 1962, per- haps suggesting that discussions were to be held to which guests should not be privy. The brief minutes report, “The meeting comprised a dis- cussion of the club’s Present and Future. Four members, N. Hill, R. Paynter, Henry Parker and Loring Conant, made opening statements after which followed comments by many others. The opening state- ments asked the members to consider why the club should continue to exist. What does the club really want to do? It was decided to have further discussions at the December meeting.” The December meeting was even better attended with 23 members present, and guests were conspicuously absent again. The minutes even more tersely report, “The meeting comprised a continuation of a discussion of the club's Present and Future. Several constructive suggestions were made. It was the sense of the meeting that a woman speaker would be acceptable. ‘The council will review the suggestions made.” The February 1970 council minutes report, “The matter of the ‘Future Policy’ Questionnaire was discussed 89 STARTING SECOND CENTURY in some detail. Various questions’ [that were] suggested were referred to a special committee for screening and study to be reported back to the Council at the March meeting. Some discussion pertaining to changes in the By-Laws followed.” The questionnaire, dated May 1970, consisted of 16 questions, some of which were rather pointed, and the response of the membership gives some indication of the direction the Club would eventually take. In response to the question, “Do you think the Club should seek to increase its membership considering that we no longer rely on private homes as meeting places?”, 28 responded in favor, 11 against, although most of the favorable votes were qualified by indicating that they did not want to see any lowering of standards for membership. There was a relationship between the responses to this question and another which read, “Would you concur in the admission of women to membership in the Club, subject, of course, to the same standards and qualifications as have become established for men?” with 33 members voting for the admission of women, 18 against, six listed as “on the fence,” and two with no opinion. There was also a listing of “Strongly for women” and “Strongly against,” which suggested the intensity of polarization, and the possibility of a substantial split in the Club, with the “Strongly against” column including two past presidents. The split was not entirely along age lines as the names of Hagar, Walcott, Kennard, and Buchheister joined those of younger men on the list of those voting for admitting women to membership. The members voted strongly against broad- ening the scope of interest to areas such as general natural history and against changing the meeting night from Monday. The Club was fairly well split in the votes to move the meeting site from Harvard, and the establishment of dinner meetings. The members voted about two to one in favor of Club field trips, overwhelmingly supported the idea of pay- ing expenses of speakers from distant places, but split on whether they were willing to participate in Club projects. They voted nearly 3 to | in favor of admitting Harvard and Radcliffe students to the Club meet- ings, but turned down the general public more than two to one. All in all, it appears that some traditional views were reaffirmed but that the winds of change once more were whipping up some formidable storm- clouds on the horizon. It may seem a bit odd that the admission of women to the Club would cause such a furor, considering that the Club was well into the latter half of the twentieth century, and the fact that Mrs. M. A. Maxwell had accepted membership as a Corresponding Member of the Club on 17 March 1879, and Miss Maria Audubon on 24 March of that same year. This entitled them “. . . to attend the meetings and take part in the scientific discussions of the Club.” However, until 1970 there is nothing 90 STARTING SECOND CENTURY in the minutes of the meetings to suggest that any woman had attended a regular meeting, as member or guest. (There is the story, however, of several occasions when a woman ornithologist would surreptitiously creep down and sit on the stairs at Batchelder’s or Taber’s house to eavesdrop on a particularly interesting speaker.) It does appear, how- ever, that what has sometimes been referred to as the “Phalarope Con- spiracy” was well under way, and that by 1970 many members were actively politicking and lobbying for the changes in the bylaws which would allow the election of women to membership. On 2 March 1970 the minutes of the meeting read, “Following News and Field Notes, Pres. Darby introduced the speaker for the evening, the first woman to present a program to the Club, Mrs. Kathleen An- derson, Director of the Manomet Bird Observatory.” Since she was also listed among the guests that evening, she also became the first official woman guest at a regular meeting. In June she again became a guest, as she joined Paul Miliotis on Wayne Petersen’s panel on the spring migration. Mrs. Anderson was also a guest in November for a talk by William Dawson from the University of Michigan. A wedge had been inserted. In the minutes of October 1971 “D.[eborah] Howard” appears as a guest, and in March 1972 “Mrs. [Kathleen] Anderson” once again. “Kathy [Kathleen] Duffin”, a student, was a guest in December 1972 and again in May 1973. “Mrs. Trevor Lloyd-Evans” joined “Mrs. Paul Anderson” in March 1973 as guests—the flood gates were open and a tide of women guests was pouring through. The council had already acted at its 2 April 1973 meeting, with six members present. The minutes read, “Moved by Hagar, Seconded by Forster and unanimously VOTED: that the Council recommend to the Club the amendment of Article X, Section 2 of the By-laws as it appears in the 1970 edition by substituting the word ‘persons’ for the word ‘men,’ .’ A second motion for bylaws change directs “. . . wherever the words ‘he’ and ‘his’ appear in any article or section of these By-laws, they shall be construed to include the words ‘she’ and ‘her.’” ‘These votes were reported to the April regular meeting, but the minutes re- cord no comments on the votes by the Council. The minutes of the May meeting, however, report the following, “Members proposed amending the current By-Laws . . . from ‘men’ to ‘persons’ so as to read ‘Resident Members shall be persons interested in ornithology . President Paynter and others reviewed the history of the Club and raised questions concerning the potential results—might need a larger meet- ing place, change in the character of the Club, change emphasis in pro- grams to field notes, need for a possible limit on the size of member- ship. After considerable discussion and a series of tabling motions which were not accepted it was VOTED 18-7 “To table the proposed amend- 91 STARTING SECOND CENTURY ment until the November Meeting of the Club so that the Council shall have had an opportunity to study further the implications of the change on the Club.’” The meeting did not adjourn until 10:40 P.M. The ta- bling of the amendment put off the decision on women into the second century of the Club’s history since the centennial celebration was sched- uled for October. Many members felt that this would allow the cele- bration to proceed peacefully, since several members had threatened to resign if women were admitted to the Club immediately. The “Phalarope Conspiracy” was not stilled, however, as a militant woman placed a phone call to Harvard University’s counsel, informing him that the University was supporting a sexist organization, and threatening legal action. Another report alleges that an account of the subject was communicated by the same woman to the Christian Science Monitor, suggesting that it might want to cover the centennial celebra- tion, as picketing or other disruptions might occur. These allegations remain obscure since none of them appear in the Club records, and it is remarkable how many people have somehow forgotten, or never knew, the details of the purported events. So it goes. In October two more women, Margaret Argue and Ruth Emery, became guests of the Club. The first meeting of the second century, November 1973, was an eventful one. By vote of the members present, four bylaws changes were made. One increased the dues to $10, and a second required a person nominating someone for membership to provide, “. . . the Council with a letter describing the candidate’s qualifications.” In a written ballot and by a vote of 23—2 another bylaws change, moved by Hill and seconded by Darby, which made possible the election of women to the Club, was passed. Joseph A. Hagar then proposed Deborah B. Howard for mem- bership. This change was consistent with the general trend throughout the country toward providing equal status for women, which had been gaining momentum in the 1960s. There was clearly some hard feeling about the decision, however, and several male members never again attended a meeting. At the December meeting Henry Wiggin proposed Margaret Argue and Ruth Emery for membership. At the January meeting Wayne Pe- tersen nominated Kathleen Anderson and Joseph Kenneally proposed Dorothy Snyder for membership. No action was taken on any of the nominations by the council at its January meeting, but on 4 February 1974 the council, with President Pratt presiding, unanimously elected the five women into Resident Membership. A major change in the Club had been implemented. The Club was thrown into a mild panic when for several years in the early 1970's the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) threatened to reclassify it as a private foundation. This would have meant, among other things, 32 STARTING SECOND CENTURY Fig. 25. C. Russell Mason (kneeling, left), president, 1955-57; Ruth Emery (left) and Margaret Argue (right), two of the five women elected to resident membership in 1974. Courtesy Massachusetts Audubon Society. that the Club would have had to spend all of its income each year. Because the income and expenditures associated with the Club’s Pub- lications series are irregular, the IRS action could have produced fiscal chaos. After a long battle, however, the IRS relented in 1974 and we maintained our public charity status. The years since the centennial have witnessed a marked change in the attendance patterns at meetings. In the decade before the centen- 3S STARTING SECOND CENTURY nial, the average attendance of members per meeting fluctuated be- tween 17 and 21, with an overall average of 18.9. The first decade of the second century showed a significant increase to an overall average of 26.2 per meeting, with a low of 20 in 1974 and a record-breaking 32 in 1980. The average attendance of guests at meetings increased even more spectacularly, with the pre-centennial decade average of only 3.6 leaping in the next decade to a whopping 14.0. The total attendance at meetings thus jumped from 22.5 per meeting to an enormous total of 40. During the December meeting of 1975 Roger Tory Peterson drew 44 guests and 47 members. The following year William Drury drew more guests than members, 22 to 20. Robert Arbib the following year settled for a tie, 25 to 25. Clearly, the patterns of attendance had mark- edly changed. The reasons for these changes are complex and the variables difficult to isolate. But several factors stand out. With the addition of women to the Club came a concommitant increase in the number of women guests. Another prominent factor was the increasing influence of Manomet Bird ° Fig. 26. Herbert W. Pratt, president, 1973-75. 94 STARTING SECOND CENTURY Observatory (MBO) on the structure of the Club and the meetings. In 1974 Kathleen Anderson, director of the Observatory, and Brian Har- rington, a member of the research staff, became members of the Club, followed in 1976 by Trevor Lloyd-Evans, the director of the observa- tory’s banding operations. Anderson was eventually to become secre- tary of the Club and is currently vice president, Harrington became a council member, and Lloyd-Evans president. As important, perhaps, is the fact that a majority of the new members during this decade had had some training or connection with Manomet Bird Observatory. For example William Davis is a volunteer research associate, Paul Donahue was an intern and maintains a strong tie with the observatory, John Kricher is on their computer committee, and Wayne Petersen, a Club president, has long had a close association with MBO. Manomet has strongly influenced the influx of guests by utilizing the Club meetings, and its excellent speakers, as an education adjunct for their intern pro- gram. There has been a long history in the Club of inviting students from Harvard and other local institutions to meetings, and earlier in the Club’s history it was common for both graduate and undergraduate students, particularly from Harvard, to become Resident Members. Manomet has added many of its interns to this traditional educational function of the Club. Another factor affecting attendance was an increase in membership. During 1972 and 1973 only two new members were elected, but six new members were elected in 1974, a deluge of nine in 1975, eight more in 1976, and seven in 1977. The addition of 30 new members, most of whom were regular attenders, added substantially to the members-per- meeting averages. As has been the case throughout the Club’s history, whenever there was a large influx of new members, no matter how well qualified and credentialed, there usually followed a reexamination of the goals of the Club, the standards for admission, and the general posture and phi- losophy of the Club. This period was no exception. Even before there was any formal discussion, there were comments in the council meet- ings that suggested a degree of apprehension. In September 1974 the council minutes read, “The Council agreed that persons proposed for membership attend at least one regular meeting and be introduced to the Club before their nomination is sent to the Council.” In the Sep- tember 1976 council meeting, Wayne Petersen as president presiding, an item appears in the minutes reading, “Whither the NOC?,” which elaborates on these general philosophical concerns of the Club: “Item 3: Whither the NOC? Under that all-encompassing heading thoughts on many aspects of the 95 STARTING SECOND CENTURY Club were raised and discussed by those present, centering on the ques- tions of whether the Club has changed in recent years, if so, has it been for the better, are there any tendencies we wish to encourage and any we wish to de-emphasize. The description of the Club and its purpose ~~ Fig. 27. Buckley, president, 1979-81 (right) and Allen R. Keith, a member of the Club. 96 STARTING SECOND CENTURY Fig. 28. Presidents of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. Left to right: Trevor L. Lloyd-Evans, 1981-84, John A. Shetterly, 1984— , Richard T. Darby, 1969— 72, Wayne R. Petersen, 1975-78, and Richard A. Forster, 1978—79. Courtesy Betty Petersen. were read from our bylaws, and discussed as they applied today. Varying opinions on how open the Club was, or should be, were presented, and softly debated. The impression the Club has made on the ranks of profes- sional ornithologists was also discussed at length. The general outcome of these discussions, doubtless held in some form or other by every Council every few years, was that the Club was designed to be, and is, something apart from ‘just another bird club.’ If this is elit- ist, so be it. It offers only two things to its members—one free, the other at cost: speakers at our monthly meetings, and our various publications. The quality of our speakers, it was uniformly felt, has in recent years been exceptionally high and gives every evidence of remaining so. This in itself serves to attract speakers of equally high or higher calibre. The quality of our Publications Series is unanimously acclaimed as of the highest, and this is due in no small measure to our editor, Ray Paynter. (It was felt that if we had a weak spot in our ‘image’ it might be that visiting orni- thologists passing through the MCZ and other area institutions, might not be as aware of the Club and its meeting and program schedule as they could be, so that we might be missing potential special speakers or just stimulating attendees at regularly scheduled meetings.) Four ways of maintaining and improving the Club’s profile were unan- imously endorsed by the Council: (1) continued expansion of the excel- lence of recent speakers; (2) continued high quality of our publications; (3) better advertising of Club meetings and speakers at the MCZ and area universities and research institutions; (4) having Ray Paynter actively proselytize visiting ornithologists. 97 STARTING SECOND CENTURY Fig. 29. Members at the 2 December 1985 meeting in the lecture hall of the Harvard Biological Laboratories. Left to right, front row: Wayne R. Peter- sen, Richard K. Walton, Kathleen S. Anderson, William E. Davis, Jr., John A. Shetterly, Winthrop W. Harrington, Jr., Hanson Robbins, and Trevor L. Lloyd- Evans; second row: Bruce A. Sorrie, Jeremy J. Hatch, Richard T. Darby, John C. Kricher, Richard A. Forster (to right), and Robert L. Norton (extreme right); back rows: P. William Smith, David L. Emerson, Phillips Hallowell, Blair Ni- kula, Robert P. Fox, Frederick R. Hamlen, Kenneth J. Harte, Robert H. Styme- ist, Brian E. T. Cassie, Hamilton Coolidge, George W. Gove, H. Christian Floyd, Francis J. Gardner, Jr., and Steven Wachman. Courtesy Betty Petersen. The question of whether the Club is growing too fast was discussed at length, not prompted by the proposals for membership before us, but reinforced by them. The matter of limiting members by various means received animated discussion, and among alternatives considered were: setting a fixed upper limit on the number of Club members; having a fixed number of years elapse before a new member could propose ad- ditional new members; annual limitations on the numbers of new mem- bers; and setting a minimal number of meetings [which a] prospective member must attend as a guest before being eligible for proposal as a member in his/her own right. Several Council members also had the vague feeling that not only did new members frequently not come to very many meetings before being proposed, but that after election seemed to dis- appear back into the ether, as it were. It was suggested that possibly these uncomfortable feelings could be either allayed or confirmed by analysis of sign-in sheets distributed at each meeting; this will be done shortly. It was finally decided that for the present the best solution was a letter from the President to all club members stressing the traditions of the 98 STARTING SECOND CENTURY Club, including those about attendance at meetings. Then after a re- spectful period, club practices would again be analyzed to see if the Sys- tem had equilibrated to where Council members had lost their sense of unease.” In October 1977 the council minutes read “. . . two nominees for membership were rejected. In the first case the reason was that the person was effectively ‘unknown’ to the Council, and the second per- son’s meeting of the two basic criteria for Club membership—a serious interest in the science of ornithology and regular attendance at meet- ings—was questioned.” Farther along in the same minutes is the state- ment, “Returning to the question of membership qualifications, several council members felt the need to formalize the tightening of member- ship qualifications suggested in President Petersen’s letter last year . . .” Bylaws changes were suggested that would require that a candidate for membership should be proposed by two or more members in writing to the council, and that rejected candidates could be renominated after six months. These changes were unanimously adopted at the annual meeting. The pendulum had completed its swing once again. The membership stabilized at about 120 until January 1986, when the coun- cil elected six new members, driving the membership to near its highest level in history at 124. The quest for quality manifested itself in several other areas of the Club’s activities. In an attempt to continue to obtain high quality guest speakers the council voted in 1975 to pay out-of-pocket expenses to speakers, an honorarium not to exceed $50, and authorized a maxi- mum expenditure of $500 for 1975. In 1978 this was altered to the policy of paying a $25 honorarium plus expenses. At the same meeting the council agreed to undertake the program planning through the president and/or vice president, a policy which has gradually evolved to shift the responsibility to the latter. Also, the council endorsed the desirability of resuming informal dinners at a nearby restaurant, a tra- dition dating back to the 1940s, which had apparently fallen by the wayside, initally, perhaps due to the high cost of meals at the traditional dining spot, the Chez Dreyfus, and loss of interest by older members, but finally by the restaurant’s closing. Since 1978 the Club has held informal dinners with guest speakers before the meetings, mostly at the Acropolis Restaurant, on Massachusetts Avenue, in Cambridge. In another, perhaps long overdue, move the council voted to donate to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in a quid pro quo, $1,000 for the year’s storage and shipping of Club publications. Since 1960 the rate of publication in the Publications series has remained approximately constant with 20 published during the 25 year period. Obviously, this og STARTING SECOND CENTURY represents an enormous burden on Paynter, who has edited the great majority of these books. In December 1981, Charles H. Blake, a member for forty years and president from 1953 to 1955, died. He, like Dr. Cummings and J. L. Peters, made the Club a remainder interest beneficiary of his estate. Since the beginning of the second century the programs at the reg- ular meetings have continued to be of high quality, balancing scientific presentations by distinguished members and guests with talks of a less serious scientific nature, as had been the Club’s tradition for decades. Although the percentage of guest speakers has been highly variable, the general trend has been upward (Fig. 2). In 1973 a record 78 per- cent of the programs were given by guests, and that same percentage has been recorded twice since 1980. In 1974 the presentations were highlighted by talks by Raymond Stefanski of MIT on “How birds sing,” including a discussion on the physiology of the sound production mech- anisms, and by Kenneth Youngstrom of Manomet Bird Observatory, who gave a talk on avian nucleotide studies. Deborah Howard talked on the Massachusetts breeding bird atlas, and there was a large turnout for the talk by Davis Finch on the breeding distribution and field iden- tification of gulls in the northeast. The year 1975 had a good mix of presentations with another MBO speaker, Brian Harrington, talking on east coast autumn shorebird migration, and Douglas Lancaster’s more narrowly focused “Antipredator mechanisms in tinamous.” Other guest presentations also included one by Joanna Burger on “Resource par- titioning” and Eugene Eisenman’s talk on the problems and opportu- nities in Middle American ornithology. The June meeting that year fea- tured the first of the Club’s informal members meetings, where members showed slides and commented on their activities during the year. The annual meeting featured a talk by Roger Tory Peterson, in which he showed a film, “Wild Africa today,” and reminisced about the Club, a presentation which drew a record 91 members and guests. Occasionally a slight hitch occurred in the scheduling of the annual meeting and council meeting, as reported in the minutes for the Jan- uary 1976 regular meeting, “While the 1 December 1975 meeting was considered the Annual Meeting for Speaker purposes, technically the Annual Meeting is the Annual Business Meeting following the Annual Council Meeting. Inasmuch as business was deferred from the Decem- ber to the January meeting—also the day of the Annual Council Meet- ing—the January 1976 meeting was properly the 1975 Annual Meet- ing.” Since this was not amended at the subsequent meeting, one must presume that this example of Buckley eloquence was in proper order. The high quality of speakers has continued. In 1976 Ernst Mayr and William Drury, the club’s two Honorary Members, both spoke, as did 100 STARTING SECOND CENTURY E. O. Wilson on “Birds and insects: comparisons at the social level.” The year 1977 opened with a less esoteric presentation by Winthrop “Winty” Harrington showing slides and movies under the title, “A little bit of India and a little bit of Africa.” The solemn routine of the Club meetings was on one occasion disrupted when, as the minutes read, “President Petersen never got a chance to call the March meeting of the Nuttall Club to order. At about 8:05 P.M. on the appointed day, with prospects of a fiery talk by lan Nisbet, the proverbial smoke-filled room of the NOC became an alarming reality as the fire marshal or- dered the entire Biological Laboratories evacuated.” By 8:45 P.M. the all-clear had been given and Dr. Nisbet gave his talk on parental care in terns. The following year the “Great Storm of ’78” caused the can- cellation of the February meeting and John Kricher did not get to pre- sent his talk on species and habitat diversity in the tropics until October. The January 1979 meeting consisted of a film depicting the attempts to preserve the Whooping Crane (Grus americana), introduced by Pres- ident Forster, and, as has been the case for a number of years, at the January meeting there was the review of the Christmas counts. The informal members meeting continued to be scheduled annually, and in 1980 this June meeting was turned into something of a social event, being held at Massachusetts Audubon Society’s Drumlin Farm headquarters. Members and guests brought picnics and the meeting was highlighted for some by the appearance of a Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). In 1981, with Buckley as president, there were a number of fine talks. Kenneth Able, of the State University of New York, spoke on bird mi- gration, orientation, and navigation, and Robert Bleisweiss, a Harvard graduate student, gave one of the many talks in recent years based on doctoral dissertation work, “The distribution and conservation of hum- mingbirds in Ecuador.” Susan Smith, of Mt. Holyoke College, gave a presentation on “The underworld in the Rufous-Collared Sparrow: strategy for floaters,” and David Wingate drew 70 members and guests with his talk on Bermuda birds. Occasionally presentations do not go exactly as planned and lead to quick improvisation and some interesting and humerous minutes of the meeting. Secretary John Kricher’s minutes of the 1 March 1982 meet- ing read, “Vice President Jay Shetterly then introduced [P. and F.] Buckley who planned to present their talk on Birds and Habitat in out- of-the-way Alaska. [He] quickly discovered, to his dismay, that his slide trays were out-of-the-way; in fact, the slide trays he brought were not those of the carefully selected Alaskan slides. [He] was heard to utter ‘I think we’re in trouble.’ [She] said ‘What do you mean we?’ and left [him] to wing it on his own. Wing it he did. . . . with the chaff of his slide 101 STARTING SECOND CENTURY collection, [he] improvised an on-the-spot presentation. . . . All told, [he] did a remarkable job in salvaging what amounts to a speaker’s night- mare. [His] knowledge and talent combined to make the evening enjoy- able and informative despite the slide mix-up. [He] was thanked with a warm round of applause.” Later the same year P. and F. Buckley pre- sented a talk entitled “The real Alaska (if at first you don’t succeed. . .).” In the past several years the programs have remained balanced with more serious scientific talks such as Tom Sherry’s 1982 presentation, “Non-congruence between morphology and ecology in a neotropical flycatcher community,” and Mark Leighton’s 1983 talk, “Feeding ecol- ogy and sociality of Bornean hornbills,” balanced by “Winty” Harring- ton’s magnificently illustrated travel talk, “Slides, movies, and stories of the Falkland Islands and their birdlife.” In 1984 the June meeting notice states, “A revival of an old tradi- tion.” The meeting, which featured a broader natural history subject than is usual for the club, viz., Richard D. Estes’ “Behavioral ecology of African herbivores and carnivores,” revived the tradition of holding meetings in members’ homes. Edward Raymond hosted this meeting, with members and guests bringing a picnic dinner, and Ted providing the beer and wine. This was the type of informal meeting in which many of the older Club members had expressed interest, where people had a chance to interact informally, and perhaps meet some of the newer members. A number of good talks were given at the 1984 meetings by guests. These included William Clark’s on vernal hawk migration in Israel and Robert O’Hara’s “Recent advances in bird systematics.” In 1985 Tracy Werner presented a program “Year-round feeding specialization in Pinaroloxias mornata: the other “Darwin’s Finch’ has culture.” Other guest presentations included “Seabird studies in the tropics” by Anthony Dia- mond, “Comparison of Galapagos and Hawaiian hawks” by Curtice Griffin, and “New initiatives in crane conservation in the Soviet Union and China” by George Archibald, founder and director of the Inter- national Crane Foundation. The breadth and quality of the presenta- tions at the meetings of the Club has never been higher. The past several years have witnessed some new areas for debate within the Club, and some innovations. In 1984 Brian Cassie suggested that perhaps the Club should explore the possibility of diverting a portion of the Club’s financial resources to the establishment of some sort of scholarship fund. This idea was eventually considered by the council, and the minutes of the November 1984 meeting read, “Pres. Lloyd- Evans then raised the issue of the Club’s financial status with regards to the feeling among some of the membership that we seem to have a large sum of money sitting idle that might be put to some beneficial 102 STARTING SECOND CENTURY use, such as research grants, scholarships, etc.” It was pointed out in discussion that most of the money is in the publication fund, and, there- fore, probably restricted to publication purposes. Nevertheless, the minutes conclude: “There seemed to be a strong consensus among the Council that some sort of awards fund would be very desirable and the means of financing such a fund should continue to be actively ex- plored.” These ideas are still under consideration by the council. Currently, the location and decorum of the regular meetings are un- der review. Several older members of the Club have suggested that the congenial atmosphere of the Club has diminished with an increasing membership, and meeting accomodations that are overcrowded and not condusive to socializing. This general feeling is shared, apparently, by a broad spectrum within the Club. The minutes of the November 1985 meeting state, “The subject of refreshments at meetings was addressed by President Shetterly and Mr. Petersen [Wayne R.], both of whom sug- gested that we should consider refreshments at future Nuttall Club meetings. The membership readily agreed with this notion, and Pres- ident Shetterly accepted responsibility for providing December’s good- ies. The membership was altogether less enthusiastic when the proposal to look into an alternate meeting place was made. While it was generally agreed that [room] B-154 [Harvard Biological Laboratories] is both small and unusually warm, nonetheless a number of members felt the club’s affiliation with Harvard University would be compromised if we were to move our meeting place off campus. President Shetterly agreed to pursue every avenue in locating a more spacious, Harvard-based meet- ing area.” The two succeeding meetings were held in the lecture hall adjacent to B-154. Wine and other refreshments were served to con- clude the evenings, and much enjoyed by all. Perhaps the perceived social difficulties with Club meetings have been solved. Section 2, Article 1, of the Club’s bylaws defines the purpose of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, “Its purpose shall be to promote orni- thology; to encourage acquaintance and discussion among its members, to foster and uphold scientific methods and standards of accuracy, and to publish memoirs, journals, and other papers on ornithological sub- jects.” These have been the goals of the Club for more than a century. They have been met well, and all indications are that they will continue to be met into the foreseeable future. 103 <= & _ oles os amte es | eee > @ =a. wont” fee Fe ee ke 7 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS The biographical sketches that follow include all Resident Members who were living when the last biographical outlines were published (Root and Elkins, 1973, Nuttall Ornithological Club. Outline Biographies of Mem- bers, 1919-1973), plus those who have been elected to membership since then. It was thought unnecessary to include in the present volume per- sons who had died or resigned prior to the 1973 publication. The sketches presented by Root and Elkins have been updated for those members who have died or left the Club since 1973, usually by adding only the date of death or termination of membership. The addresses of most of the latter are not currently known, hence contacting many of them would have been difficult or impossible. For many who resigned or let their membership lapse over the past decade, the date of their termination of membership was not recorded in the minutes of the council, and hence only an approximate date, such as “mid-1970s”, has been re- corded for them in their biographical outlines. ™o avoid long and repetitive descriptive titles and names, a number of abbreviations have been used. Those abbreviations which are pos- sibly ambiguous, non-standard, or less well known are listed below for easy reference. AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science ABA American Birding Association AMNH American Museum of Natural History ASNH Audubon Society of New Hampshire AOU American Ornithologists’ Union Aud. Audubon BBC Brookline Bird Club BOEM Bird Observer of Eastern Massachusetts BOU British Ornithologists’ Union BTO British Trust for Ornithology Comm. Committee Commn. Commision EBBA Eastern Bird-Banding Association IBBA Inland Bird-Banding Association ICBP International Council for Bird Preservation LPBO Long Point Bird Observatory MAS Massachusetts Audubon Society MBO Manomet Bird Observatory MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 105 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Med. Medicine NAS National Audubon Society N.E. New England NEBBA Northeastern Bird-Banding Association NOC Nuttall Ornithological Club RAOU Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union PRBO Point Reyes Bird Observatory SSBC South Shore Bird Club WBBA Western Bird-Banding Association DENNIS JESSE ABBOTT, III Born: Portsmouth, New Hamp., 24 December 1935. Elected: 1976 (council- lor, 1982-85). Vocation: mechanical engineering technician. Member: Amer. Soc. Naval Engineers, ABA, BBC, ASNH (nominating comm., 3 yrs.; editor, Field Notes and Records, 7 yrs.; trustee, 7 yrs.). Publications: notes in Amer. Birds. Bird photographer, lectures on shorebirds, owls, birds of Guam. Bird-related travel throughout U.S., Canada, Guam, and Hawaii. CLARENCE EUGENE ALLEN Born: Fitchburg, Mass., 8 February 1887. Died: 30 March 1974. Elected: 1915, resigned 1919, reelected 1964. Education: Dartmouth College, S.B., 1910. Vocation: headmaster, Rivers Country Day School, Brookline, Mass., 1929-53; founder and director, Camp Chewonki, Wiscasset, Maine, 1915-66. Member: MAS (director, 1946—57, 1959-74). PETER CHARLES ALDEN Born: Concord, Mass., 8 July 1944. Elected: 1970. Education: Univ. Arizona, B.A.(geography), 1967. Vocation: escort, designer, and ornithologist for 150 tours on six continents, primarily for MAS and Bock Travel. Vice president, Lindblad Travel, Inc. Member: BBC (president), Harvard Travellers Club (vice president), ICBP, World Wildlife Fund, ABA, AOU, NAS. Publications: Find- ing Birds in Western Mexico, 1969; Finding Birds Around the World (with John Gooders), 1982; A Field Guide to Birds Coloring Book (with R. T. Peterson), 1982. Contributor and advisor to books on Mexico, South America, and travel. Au- thor of numerous avian checklists, various magazine articles. Has shown over 5,000 species of birds to more than 1,000 birders. Currently involved in global wildlife education publishing project. DONALD CHILD ALEXANDER Born: Lowell, Mass., 11 October 1906. Elected: 1938 (treasurer, 1940—42: auditor, 1962—__). Education: Northeastern Univ. Vocation: accountant. Mem- ber: Essex County Ornith. Club (president, 1964—70), editor, Records of New England Birds, 1946-48. 106 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HARRISON COOK ANDERSON Born: New York, New York, 14 March 1936. Elected: 1967. Education: Bates College, A.B., 1958; Washington and Lee Univ., LL.B., 1961. Vocation: lawyer, U.S. Forest Service, Penna. and New Hamp. Member: ASNH (director 1968— 70), Delaware Ornith. Club. KATHLEEN SHAW ANDERSON Born: Livingston, Montana, 15 June 1923. Elected: 1974 (councillor, 1976— 77; secretary, 1977—78; vice president, 1984—__). Education: Burdett Business School. Vocation: ornithologist, Encephalitis Field Station (1957—66); executive director, MBO (1969-83). Member: AOU (elective member, 1974; committee on biography), Wilson Ornith. Soc. (life member; chair of resolutions commit- tee, 1982—84; nominating committee, 1981), ICBP/U.S. Section (secretary, 1982— ; delegate from MBO), Cooper Ornith. Soc., NEBBA (councillor, 1963— 66, 1969-73, 1976-79, 1985— ), EBBA (councillor, 1979-81), SSBC (past president), Hawk Mountain Sanctuary (director, 1983— _), North American Loon Fund (director, 1985—__), MAS (associate director, 1984—_). Publications: more than 50 papers in fields of migration, distribution, banding, avian ectoparasites, arborviruses, populations, in professional and lay journals. Bird-banding in Belize (four trips) and James Bay, Ontario (two trips). Bird- related trips to Panama, Surinam, Venezuela, Peru, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, North America, and Europe. RALPH ANDREWS Born: Ithaca, New York, 12 May 1926. Elected: 1977 (councillor, 1981-84). Education: Cornell Univ., B.A., 1950; Ohio State Univ., M.S.(wildlife manage- ment), 1952. Vocation: wildlife biologist, New York State Conservation Dept., 1952-53; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Florida, Louisiana, Montana, Pa- tuxent Wildlife Research Center, Maryland, and ne. regional office, Mass. Member: Wildlife Soc., various conservation and ornithology groups, local bird clubs, and Aud. chapters. Publications: several articles in professional and pop- ular journals, mostly on waterfowl ecology and management. REED PIERCE ANTHONY, JR. Born: Boston, Mass., 17 November 1928. Elected: 1969. Education: Harvard Univ., B.A., 1950. Vocation: investment counselor; staff of MAS 1968-81 (treasurer 1972-81). ARTHUR WILLIAM ARGUE Born: Shawville, Quebec, Canada, 11 April 1903. Elected: 1945 (councillor, 1951—56; trustee, 1962—68). Education: Boston Univ., B.S., 1931; Carnegie scholarship to Sorbonne, summer 1929. Vocation: printer and lithographer. Member: BBC (president, 1947—48). Publications: “The Argue Daily Field Card.” Bird-related travel to Kenya, Tanzania, Portugal, Spain, and Venezuela. 107 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES MARGARET LEVISTON ARGUE Born: Chelsea, Mass., 19 December 1907. Elected: 1974. Education: Boston Univ., B.S., 1931; summer school, Univ. London, 1933; Cambridge Univ., 1934. Member: BBC (director, 1950—71). Bird-related travel to Kenya, Tanzania, Portugal, Spain, and Venezuela. DOROTHY RODWELL ARVIDSON Born: Baraboo, Wisconsin, 7 August 1920. Elected: 1986. Education: Rock- ford College, B.A.(English literature; zoology), 1942; Univ. Wisconsin, M.A.(zoology), 1944, Ph.D.(endocrinology), 1947. Vocation: teaching and re- search in biology, 1939-1958, Rockford College, Univ. Wisconsin, Grinnell College (lecturer), and Simmons College (professor); physician’s office man- ager, 1958—75. Member: AAAS, Amer. Soc. Zoologists, Amer. Inst. Biological Sci., Sigma Xi, Brookline Conservation Commission, Friends Hall’s Pond (foun- der, trustee), MAS (natural history services volunteer), BOEM (staff, 1978—_ ). Publications: editor, BOEM 1980—_ , several articles on endocrinology; free- lance editor in scientific and medical/biological areas, 1941—__; more than 20 articles on birds. Bird-related travel to 25 countries on five continents. OLIVER LUTHER AUSTIN, JR. Born: Tuckahoe, New York, 24 May 1903. Elected: 1927. Education: Wes- leyan College, B.S., 1926; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1931. Vocation: Austin Orn- ith. Research Station, Wellfleet, Mass. 1932—58; technical consultant, Dept. Army, Tokyo, 1946-50; professor zoology, Air Univ., Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala- bama, 1953-57; curator in ornithology, Florida State Mus., 1957—73; curator emeritus, 1973— . Member: AOU (fellow, 1948; councillor, 1958-61; vice president, 1963-65; editor, Auk, 1968—78); NEBBA (councillor, 1956—59; vice president, 1952—56; review editor, Bird-Banding, 1956-64). Publications: Birds of Newfoundland Labrador, 1932; Birds of Korea, 1948; Birds of Japan (with N. Kuroda), 1953; Bards of the World, 1961; Water and Marsh Birds of the World, 1967, Song Birds of the World, 1967, compiled and edited for Bent’s Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Al- les, three parts, 1968 (author of accounts of five main species and 15 subspe- cies); editor, Antarctic Bird Studies (Amer. Geophys. Union), 1968; Families of Birds, 1971. Over 60 published papers in the field of ornithology. WALLACE BAILEY Born: Bangor, Maine, 29 June 1924. Elected: 1951. Education: mechanical engineering/metallurgy as civilian employee of army. Vocation: Westinghouse Electric (15 years); sanctuary director, MAS (25 years). Member: AOU, Cooper Ornith. Soc., Wilson Ornith. Soc., Assn. Interpretive Naturalists, E. Nat. Park Monument Assoc. Publications: Birds in Massachusetts, 1955: Birds of the Cape Cod National Seashore, 1968; Monomy Wilderness, 1972. Co-leader of birding tours to Texas, Florida, and Africa. 108 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES JAMES BAIRD Born: Glasgow, Scotland, 10 February 1925. Elected: 1956. Education: Univ. Mass., B.S., 1951; Rutgers Univ., 1953-55. Vocation: naturalist; director, Nor- man Bird Sanctuary, 1955-60; assistant to executive vice president, MAS, 1961— 67; director, nat. hist. services, MAS, 1968-80; director, conservation dept., MAS, 1980—. Member: Aud. Soc. Rhode Is. (director, 1957—59), AOU (elective member, 1966), Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., BOU, NEBBA (vice president, 1965-67; president, 1968—71), EBBA, board member Mass. Division Fisheries Wildlife (1975-80), MBO (advisory and management comm., 1969— 80), Ashby Bird Observatory (advisory comm., 1971—73), Littleton Conserva- tion Commn., 1966—70, Littleton Conservation Trust (executive secretary), 1966— 80. Publications: consulting editor and contributor, Collier’s Merit Encyclopedia, 1962-66; consulting editor, Encyclopedia Americana, 1967— ; author of three subspecies accounts of Savannah Sparrow in Bent’s Life Histories of North Amer- wan Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies, 1968; editor, Records of New England Birds, 1963—68; ornithological consultant for En- glish translation of Birds of the USSR by Flint, et al., 1983; over 50 papers in the fields of ornithology and mammalogy. As director of tours dept. of MAS has lead or co-lead tours to Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Japan, Fiji, Panama, Belize, Dominica, Guatemala, Mex- ico, Canada, Spain, Portugal, and Honduras. JOHN HOPKINSON BAKER Born: Cambridge, Mass., 30 June 1894. Died: 21 September 1973. Elected: 1911 (secretary, 1912—14). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1915. Vocation: business in U.S. and Asia (15 years); chairman of board, NAS, 1933-4, pres- ident, 1944-59. Member: AOU (elective member, 1949), Publications: editor and author (with R. T. Peterson) Audubon Guide to Attracting Birds, 1941; nu- merous articles on conservation. JOHN INNES BEATTIE Born: New York, New York, 6 February 1907. Died: 23 February 1974. Elected: 1954. Education: Columbia Univ., B.S., 1928. Vocation: banker. SARAH ELIZABETH BENNETT Born: Boston, Mass., 30 September 1948. Elected: 1984. Education: Welles- ley College, B.A., 1970; Univ. Washington, M.S., 1973; Dartmouth College, Ph.D., 1979. Vocation: staff, International Zoological Expeditions, Sherborn, Mass., 1979-80; assistant professor, biology, Wheaton College, 1980-81; co- ordinator of a graduate field course, Organization for ‘Tropical Studies, Duke Univ., 1981—1982; associate director, Center for Field Research, 1982—84; pro- fesora asociada al departamento de ciencias biologias, Universidad de los An- des, Bogota. Member: AOU, Amer. Soc. Naturalists, Assn. Tropical Biology, 109 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Ecological Soc. Amer. Publications: three papers on birds. Published biological illustrations in four books and journals. Current research interests include evolutionary ecology of avian seed-dis- persal systems in the lower Apaporis river region, Colombia. CHARLES HENRY BLAKE Born: Berkeley, Calif., 11 June 1901. Died: 6 December 1981. Elected: 1940 (secretary, 1941-44, 1945-47; vice president, 1950-53; president, 1953-55). Education: MIT, S.B., 1925, Ph.D., 1929. Vocation: faculty MIT, 1924—56. Member: Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. (curator of mollusks, 1932—44; trustee, 1935— 55), AOU (elective member, 1950), NEBBA (president, 1949-55), EBBA (vice president, 1964-65), Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. (fellow, 1935), AAAS (fellow, 1933). Publications: subspecies accounts of Newfoundland Purple Finch and New- foundland Pine Grosbeak in Bent’s Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Alles, 1968; many papers on various topics. BRADFORD GUY BLODGET Born: Worcester, Mass., 26 July 1947. Elected: 1971 (councillor, 1977-80). Education: Clark Univ., A.B., 1970; Univ. Mass., M.S., 1978. Vocation: state ornithologist, Mass. Division Fisheries Wildlife, 1977—79, 1983—__; assistant di- rector for nongame and endangered species, 1979-83. Member: Forbush Bird Club, Worcester (president, 1969-71). Publications: List of the Birds of Massa- chusetts, 1978, 2nd ed. 1979, 3rd. ed. 1983; editor, The Chickadee, 1969— RICHARD BORDEN Born: Fall River, Mass., 6 February 1910. Elected: 1951. Education: Harvard Univ., S.B., 1933. Vocation: film producer; president and treasurer, Borden Productions, Inc. Member: Natl. Wildlife Foundation (executive director, 1948— 49), MAS (director, 1950—56; president 1956—70), Mass. Board Nat. Resources, 1953— _; Boston Mus. Sci. (trustee, 1957—), advisory comm. on sports fisheries and wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1957— ; Boone and Crocket Club, 1938— (chairman, conservation comm. for 20 years). Retired 1981; sculpting big game animals in bronze. JOHN COVERT BOYD, III Born: Boston, Mass., | September 1940. Died: 19 February 1979. Elected: 1959. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1962; Johns Hopkins Univ., Sc.M., 1970. Vocation: Univ. Geneva, 1969-79; student of ecology and conservation in Af- rica, Europe, Chile, Antarctica. Publications: Birds of the Antarctic and Subantarc- tic (with G. E. Watson, et al.), Antarctic Map Folio Series, 14, 1971; eight papers on avian physiology and nature conservation. 110 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES CARL WILLIAM BUCHHEISTER Born: Baltimore, Maryland, 20 January 1901. Died: 25 July 1986. Elected: 1936, resigned 1939, reelected 1946, membership lapsed 1976. Education: Johns Hopkins Univ., B.A., 1923; honorary doctorates: Bowdoin College, 1966; Pace College, 1966. Vocation: Latin teacher, Park School, Baltimore, 1925—26; Law- rence School, Hewlett, Long Island, 1927-36; executive director, MAS, 1936— 39; assistant director, NAS 1940—44, senior vice president, 1944—59, president, 1959-67. Member: Aud. Soc. Canada (director), National Parks Assoc. (direc- tor), World Wildlife Fund (director). Publications: many articles on conser- vation, F. B. G. BUCKLEY Born: New York, N.Y., 24 June 1941. Elected: 1975 (councillor, 1981-84). Education: Cornell Univ., B.S.(biology), 1963, M.S.(vertebrate zoology), 1966. Vocation: instructor in biology, Old Dominion Univ., 1966—68; instructor, bi- ology, and research associate, Hofstra Univ., 1968—70; assistant professor, bi- ology, Suffolk County College, 1970—72; ecological consultant and writer, Buckley Assoc.; collaborating biologist, U.S. Natl. Park Serv.; research scholar, Rutgers Univ., 1984— . Member: Colonial Waterbird Group (councillor, 1977—79, sec- retary, 1982—84), AOU (elective member), Sigma Delta Epsilon (Alpha chap- ter). Publications: Habitat Selection and Marine Birds, in Behavior of Marine Animals, vol. 4, 1980; Social Patterns & Behavior of Royal Terns, in Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, vol. 4, 1985; coauthor, Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Colonially Nesting Waterbirds, 1976; coeditor, Neotropical Ornithology (AOU Monograph, no. 36), 1985; chapters in several other books and 35 other publications on avian zoogeography, ethology, ecology, wildlife management, and conservation. Bird-related travel to Europe, Ecuador, Panama, West Indies, Africa, and Indian subcontinent. Current research interests include ecology, ethology, and conservation and management of coastal larids and wading birds. P. A. BUCKLEY Born: New York, N.Y., 26 July 1938. Elected: 1975 (secretary, 1975-77; vice president, 1978-79; president, 1979-81). Education: Columbia Univ., B.S.(bi- ology), 1961; Cornell Univ., Ph.D.(vertebrate zoology), 1966. Vocation: assis- tant professor biology, Old Dominion Univ., 1966—68; Hofstra Univ., 1968— 72; research zoologist, U.S. Natl. Park Service, 1972—74, and chief scientist north atlantic region, 1974—83; adjunct professor of environmental studies, Univ. Mass. Amherst, 1975—78; research professor of ecology, Rutgers Univ., 1977— ; US. Natl. Park Serv., senior scientist and director, Natl. Park. Serv., cooperative research unit, Rutgers Univ., 1983— . Member: Colonial Waterbird Group (president, 1979-81). Publications: coauthor, Guidelines for Protection and Man- agement of Colonially Nesting Waterbirds, 1976; senior ed., Neotropical Ornithology (AOU Monograph, no. 36), 1985; coeditor Avian Genetics: an Ecological and Pop- ulation Approach, 1986; more than 85 publications on ecology, wildlife manage- 111 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ment, genetics, behavior, avian zoogeography, coastal geomorphology and management, and land-use planning. Editor of Hudson-St. Lawrence (later, Hudson-Delaware) regions for American Birds, 1973—78; co-author of “North American Scene” in British Birds, 1982— Field experience throughout North and Central America, Europe, West In- dies, Africa, and Indian subcontinent. PETER FREDERICK CANNELL Born: New York, N.Y., 17 September 1954. Elected: 1976, resigned 1978. Education: Bowdoin College, B.A.(art history; geology), 1977; intern at MBO, 1977; City Univ. New York, M.Phil.(biology), 1984; City Univ. New York, Ph.D.program. Vocation: acting director, Bowdoin Kent Island Research Sta- tion (two seasons); graduate student in evolutionary biology at Amer. Mus. Nat. History and City Univ. New York. Member: AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., NEBBA (councillor, 1983—__), Linnaean Soc. New York, Soc. Study Evolution, Soc. Syst. Zoo. Publications: about dozen papers on molt, seabird population dynamics, migration, heron breeding biology, systematics, and related topics. Current research interests include systematics, phylogeny, and biogeography of nonpasserines, based primarily on anatomy of the syrinx. BRIAN ELLIOTT THEODORE CASSIE Born: Portsmouth, Virginia, 20 February 1953. Elected: 1980 (secretary, 1984— 85; councillor, 1985—__). Education: Brandeis Univ., B.A.(sociology/art his- tory), 1975. Vocation: bookseller, specialist in natural history publications. Pub- lications: several articles on birds. MAS tour leader in eastern U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Coordinator of South Carolina state parks summer and midwinter bird counts, 1976—78. Coordina- tor, Massachusetts butterfly atlas project (MAS), 1986— ROSS EARLE CHAPIN Born: Reading, Mass., 31 December 1914. Elected: 1958. Education: Phil- adelphia Osteopathic College, D.O., 1937; Diploma of National Osteopathic Board, 1951. Vocation: general practice, Arlington, Mass., 1938—1960, Tucson, Arizona, 1960-81; board of trustees, Tucson General Hospital (two terms). Member: WBBA, Nature Conservancy, Tucson Aud. Soc. (director), ABA. Birding a major hobby, active birdbander. THEODORE CHASE, JR. Born: Boston, Mass., 20 August 1938. Elected: 1959, membership lapsed mid- 1970s. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1960; Univ. California(Berkeley), Ph.D., 1967. Vocation: biochemist; assistant professor of biochemistry, Rutgers Univ., 1969— . Publications: occasional papers in the field of biochemistry. Regional coeditor Audubon Field Notes, mid-Pacific region, 1962-66. 112 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES DAVID EMERSON CLAPP Born: Sharon, Mass., 25 March 1943. Elected: 1982. Education: Davis and Elkins College, B.A.(biology), 1965; Boston State College, M.Ed.(science edu- cation), 1966. Vocation: director, MAS Moose Hill Sanctuary, 1971—81, south shore regional office, 1981—__. Publications: short articles on bird populations and behavior. Leader of MAS tours to Texas, Florida, Arizona, Alaska, California, and Churchill. GEORGE LEONARD CLARKE Born: Providence, Rhode Is., 7 August 1905. Elected: 1956. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1927, A.M., 1928, Ph.D., 1931. Vocation: faculty, Har- vard Univ., 1930—72; professor of biology, 1963-72; marine biologist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 1931-72. Member: Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. (fel- low), AAAS (fellow), Limnology Soc. Amer. (president, 1942—46), Amer. Soc. Limnology Oceanography (secretary-treasurer, 1946-49), Pacific Sci. Con- gresses (Manila, 1953; Bangkok, 1957; Honolulu, 1961), MBO, Highland Farm Wildlife Sanctuary (chairman of advisory committee), MAS (life member). Pub- lications: Elements of Ecology, 1954, over 60 papers in the fields of biological oceanography and ecology. Birdbander, 1920—24. Bird-related travel to Texas and Galapagos Islands. LORING CONANT Born: Dedham, Mass., 28 May 1903. Died: 2 June 1974. Elected: 1964 (vice president, 1966—69; secretary, 1969-71). Education: Harvard Univ., class of 1925. Vocation: wool business, 1928—58; executive secretary, Trustees of Res- ervations, 1958-68. Member: New England Wildflower Preservation Soc. (di- rector). HAMILTON COOLIDGE Born: Boston, Mass., 11 November 1924. Elected: 1959 (councillor, 1974— 77: trustee, 1980— ). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.,. 1946, M.P.A., 1953. Vocation: senior vice president, New England Mutual Life Ins. Co.; director, Mass. Business Development Corp.; director, Mass. Venture Capital Corp.; di- rector, Patriot Bank. Member: MAS (director, 1966—_ ), N.E. Forestry Foun- dation (treasurer), Brookline Tree Planting Comm. (chairman), consultant to trustees of Wm. P. Warton Foundation, Children’s Mus. (past president), Squam Lakes Assn. (past president), Mt. Auburn Cemetery (trustee). Bird-related travel to Trinidad and Tobago. GEORGE WILLIAM COTTRELL, JR. Born: Detroit, Mich., 16 September 1903. Elected: 1938. Education: Har- vard Univ., A.B., 1926, Harvard Grad. School, 1929-33. Vocation: executive 113 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES secretary, Mediaeval Academy of America, 1933-42; editor in Harvard Univ. library, 1945-60; associate in ornithology, MCZ, 1960— . Member: MAS (di- rector, 1941—42; 1950-60), AOU (elective member), BOU, Brit. Ornith. Club., Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., RAOU. Publications: editor, Records of New England Birds, 1945—49; editor, Ornithology from Aristotle to the Present (translation of Stresemann, 1951), 1975; editor (with Ernst Mayr), Check-list of Birds of the World, vol. 1, ed. 2, 1979, vol. 11, 1986. Numerous bird-related travels. ERIC CUTLER Born: Needham, Mass., 27 June 1918. Elected: 1946. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.(government), 1940. Vocation: assistant director of admissions and scholarships, Harvard Univ. (retired 1983). Member: MAS (life member; di- rector, 1953-58), AOU (life member). Active birdbander, 1938—63. HENRY HARRINGTON CUTLER Born: St. Paul, Minn., 30 November 1908. Elected: 1952 (councillor, 1962— 67; treasurer, 1976-81). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1929. Vocation: Harvard College treasurer’s office, 1931—48; Harvard Univ., manager for taxes, insurance, and real estate, 1949-73. Member: Wellesley Conservation Commn., 1966-72. RICHARD THORN DARBY Born: Philadelphia, Penna., 10 April 1914. Elected: 1956 (secretary, 1959— 65; president, 1969-71). Education: Univ. Penna., B.S.(zoology), 1940; Univ. Oklahoma, M.S.,. 1942. Vocation: microbiologist-mycologist, U.S. Army Natick Labs., 1944-1974. Member: AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Delaware Valley Or- nith. Club (secretary, 1948-1954), Linnaean Soc. New York, Mycological Soc. Amer., Amer. Inst. Biological Sciences, Sigma Xi, Phi Sigma, Nat. Honorary Biological Soc., Amer. Men of Science, MAS, MBO, supervisor of Middlesex (Mass.) conservation district, 1964-81. Publications: Over 15 publications on birds and physiology of fungi. WILLIAM EDWIN DAVIS, JR. Born: Toledo, Ohio, 17 November 1936. Elected: 1978 (councillor, 1982— 85; secretary, 1985—__). Education: Amherst College, B.A.(geology), 1959; Univ. Texas(Austin), M.A., 1962; Boston Univ., Ph.D.(micropaleontology), 1966. Vo- cation: instructor, physical and biological sciences, College of Basic Studies, Boston Univ., 1965-66, assistant professor, 1966-71, associate professor, 1971-80, professor, 1980—_ ; visiting curator, Australian Museum, Sydney, 1982. Mem- ber: Assoc. General and Liberal Studies, AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., NEBBA (vice president, 1984—__; chairman of search comm. for editor J. Field Ornithology, 1985), Colonial Waterbird Group (newsletter edi- 114 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES tor, 1983—__). Pacific Seabird Group, WBBA, New South Wales Field Ornith. Club, Australian Bird Study Assn., RAOU, Hawk Migration Assoc. N. Amer., MBO (research associate), MAS, NAS. Publications: Early History of the Nuclear Atom, 1974; seven articles on education and about 50 professional and popular articles on birds; more than 50 published pen-and-ink drawings of birds. Bird-related travel to Africa, Asia, South and Central America, and Europe. Coprincipal investigator (with John Kricher), Earthwatch banding project in Belize, Januaries of 1982-84. PAUL K DONAHUE Born: Winchester, Mass., July 12 1952. Elected: 1975. Education: Univ. Mass.(Boston). Vocation: bird artist, tour guide, resident naturalist at Explor- er’s Inn, Peru (six seasons). Publications: Birds of Surinam—An Annotated Check- list (with Jan Pierson), 1982; author or coauthor of about 10 papers on distri- bution and behavior of neotropical birds, illustrator of plates in several field guides. Four years in bird-related travel over much of Central and South America (two years in Peru), netting and painting birds (especially shorebirds). Extensive travel in North America and Ireland. WILLIAM HOLLAND DRURY Born: Newport, Rhode Is., 18 March 1921. Elected: 1941 (secretary, 1952— 55; president, 1959-60; councillor, 1960—65, Honorary Member, 1977). Ed- ucation: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1942, Ph.D.(biology and geology), 1952. Voca- tion: assistant professor, Harvard Univ., 1952-56, lecturer on biology, 1956— 76; director of education, MAS, 1956—62; director of research, MAS, 1962— 76; faculty, College of Atlantic, 1976— . Member: Mass. Pesticide Board, 1970— 72, President’s Science Advisory Comm., 1963—72. AOU (fellow), Wilson Orn- ith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., BTO, BOU, NEBBA (councillor, 1957-59; 1962— 65), Finnish Ornith. Soc. (honorary member), N.E. Botanical Club (president; councillor), MBO (science advisory comm.), Nature Conservancy (state and fed- eral). Publications: about 75 publications on ornithology, botany, and ecology. Field research in Arctic Canada, Alaska, coasts of Maine, and Mass. STEWART DUNCAN | Born: Danvers, Mass., 18 April 1926. Elected: 1956, resigned 1976. Edu- cation: Boston Univ., A.B., 1949, A.M., 1950, Ph.D., 1957. Vocation: faculty, Boston Univ., 1950—_ , professor biology, 1969—_ . Publications: papers on parasitology and ornithology. OSBORNE EARLE Born: Worcester, Mass., 10 November 1904. Died: 26 August 1979. Elected: 1956 (councillor, 1961-66). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1925, A.M., 1935, Ph.D., 1938. Vocation: professor of English, Brandeis Univ. (retired 1963). 1B E) BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES RICHARD JEFFERSON EATON Born: Concord, Mass., 13 November 1890. Died: 11 June 1976. Elected: 1929 (councillor, 1942—43, 1948-53, 1959-64; trustee, 1940—43; vice president, 1957— 59). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1912. Vocation: cotton merchant, 1912— 30; publisher, 1930-76. Member: N.E. Botanical Club (president; treasurer; curator), MAS (director, 1938-45), NEBBA (councillor, 1960—62). Publica- tions: A Flora of Concord, 1974; over 40 papers on botany and ornithology, chiefly the former. Collaborated with H. K. Svenson in creating an herbarium to illustrate the flora of Cape Cod for the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History. GARRETT EDDY Born: Seattle, Wash., 8 June 1916. Elected: 1936. Education: Harvard Univ., S.B., 1938; Harvard School Business Admin., 1939. Vocation: Portly Blakely Tree Farms (chairman); Peoples Natl. Bank of Washington (director); profes- sional forester, land manager, tree farmer. Member: AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., Seattle Aud. Soc., NAS, Pacific Northwest Bird/Mammal Soc. (past president), Washington Forest Protection Assoc. (trustee), Univ. Puget Sound Museum Natural History (trustee, 1956— ), Municipal League of Se- attle and King County (trustee, 1963—72), King County Environmental Devel- opment Commn. (conservation comm. 1970—80). Publications: About 10 short articles on birds. Birdbander, 1950—65; active in censusing seabird colonies off coast of Wash- ington. THEODORE LYMAN ELIOT Born: Cambridge, Mass., 4 April 1903. Elected: 1932. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1925. Vocation: travel and steamship business, New York, Boston, and San Francisco, 1925—63; San Francisco Art Institute (president) 1963—74. Member: AOU, NAS, PRBO. THEODORE LYMAN ELIOT, JR. Born: New York, N.Y., 24 January 1928. Elected: 1945, membership lapsed 1975. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1948, M.P.A., 1956. Vocation: U.S. for- eign service; executive secretary, Dept. State; Amer. Foreign Service Assn. (vice chairman, 1967—69; president, 1970—72). HERVEY BERTRAND ELKINS Born: Bath, New Hamp., 13 August 1905. Elected: 1946, resigned 1975. Ed- ucation: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1928, A.M., 1930, Ph.D., 1933. Vocation: chem- ist; director, division of industrial hygiene, Mass. Dept. Labor Industries. Awards: Cummings Memorial Award, Amer. Industrial Hygiene Assn.; Meritorious Achievement Award, Amer. Assn. of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Pub- 116 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES lications: Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, 1950; over 50 papers on chemistry and industrial toxicology. KIMBALL CONRO ELKINS Born: Bath, New Hamp., 24 January 1903. Elected: 1946 (vice president, 1963-66). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1927, A.M., 1933. Vocation: Har- vard librarian and archivist; curator of university archives, 1970—71. Member: ASNH (first vice president, 1964-67). Publications: coeditor, Records of New England Birds, 1954—55; editor (with Oscar M. Root), Nuttall Ornithological Club Outline Biographies of Members, 1973; A Checklist of the Birds of New Hampshire, 1982; articles on ornithology and library subjects. Active in New Hampshire breeding bird atlas project. Bird-related travel to Mexico, southwest U.S., France, Fair Isle, and California. DAVID LOWELL EMERSON Born: Providence, Rhode Is., 2 June 1924. Elected: 1943 (councillor, 1980— 83). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1946. Vocation: paperboard manufac- turer, 1956-80; paperboard sales, Baird and Bartlett Co., Brookline, Mass., 1980— . Member: Rhode Is. Ornith. Club (president, 1974—__), Aud. Soc. Rhode Is. (director, 1950-70), MAS, NAS. Publications: “Profile of the Osprey,” 1963; editor, Field Notes of Rhode Island Birds, 1980— RUTH PRICE EMERY Born: Cambridge, Mass., 5 August 1898. Elected: 1974 (councillor 1977-80). Vocation: staff MAS (full or part time), 1944—__. Publications: editor, Records of New England Birds, 1945-60; 1964—67; statistician for BOEM; field notes summary for MAS Birder’s Kit. Field trip leader for MAS. RICHARD SPELMAN EUSTIS Born: Marblehead, Mass., 3 August 1886. Died: 9 March 1976. Elected: 1903 (secretary, 1906—08; councillor, 1908—09). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1907, M.D., 1911. Vocation: physician, Boston. Publications: articles on language disabilities. BENJAMIN GREELEY FERRIS, JR. Born: Watertown, Mass., 24 January 1919. Elected: 1958. Education: Har- vard Univ., A.B., 1940, M.D., 1943. Vocation: research physiologist, Harvard Univ., professor environmental health and safety, 1971— . Member: Amer. College Preventive Med. (fellow), Amer. Public Health Assn. (fellow). Publi- cations: over 100 papers on medicine, public health, and mountaineering. Major research interest in health effects of air pollution on humans. 17 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES DAVIS WELLS FINCH Born: Boston, Mass., 12 March 1938. Elected: 1986. Education: Yale Univ., B.A.(Romance languages), 1959. Member: Linnaean Soc. New York. Vocation: founder and director of Wings, Inc.; tour leader to North, Central, and South America, 1974— . Publications: regional editor, northeastern maritime re- gion, Audubon Field Notes (American Birds), 1968-1977; principal consultant for The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Birds by John Bull and John Farrand, Jr., 1977, and The Audubon Society Master Guide to Birding, ed. by John Farrand, Jr., 1983. Principally interested in New England and neotropical birds. HOWARD CHRISTIAN FLOYD Born: Atlanta, Georgia, 27 March 1947. Elected: 1983 (councillor, 1984—__). Education: Yale Univ., B.A.(mathematics and physics), 1969; Harvard Univ., M.S.(applied mathematics), 1973; Cambridge Univ., 1970—71. Vocation: sys- tems engineering, Mitre Corp. Member: NEBBA, Hawk Migration Association N. Amer., BBC, MBO. Publications: editorial board, BOEM. Birdbander. Bird-related travel throughout N. Amer. and Europe. RICHARD ALAN FORSTER Born: Plainfield, New Jersey, 24 April 1944. Elected: 1967 (councillor, 1971— 73; secretary, 1973-74; vice president, 1975—78; president, 1978—79). Edu- cation: Boston Univ., B.S., 1968. Vocation: assistant director, natural history services, MAS, 1975—_ . Publications: The World’s Birds (with E. S. Gruson), 1976; several papers on birds; fall season regional editor northeastern maritime region American Birds, 1982— Coordinator of Mass. breeding bird atlas project. Tour leader for MAS to Europe, Mexico, Central and South America, Galapagos Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. ROBERT PAYNE FOX Born: Quincy, Mass., 26 September 1928. Elected: 1960 (secretary, 1971— 73; councillor, 1974—76; 1985—__). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1950; Boston Univ., Ed.D., 1960. Vocation: superintendent of schools, Hanover, Mass., 1965— . Member: Wilson Ornith. Soc. (life member), SSBS (president), Na- tional Acad. School Executives (vice chairman), Amer. Assoc. School Admin- istrators Delegate Assembly (elected member), 1973— , Mass. Assoc. School Superintendants (past president), Cardinal Cushing School (chairman of board, 1986—_ ). Publications: over 25 papers on birds and education. 118 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HARRISON CROWELL FREEMAN, JR. Born: Farmington, Conn., 28 May 1940. Elected: 1976. Education: Boston Univ., B.S.(business administration), 1967; Suffolk Univ., ].D., 1973. Vocation: attorney. Member: AOU, BBC, MAS. Bird-related travel to the Carribbean and Europe. FRANCIS JAMES GARDNER, II Born: St. Louis, Missouri, 17 February 1948. Elected: 1975. Education: Boston State College, B.S.(education), 1970; Southern Conn. State College, 1981-82. Vocation: staff biologist, MBO 1973—75; administrative director, Children’s Museum of Hartford/Roaring Brook Nature Center, Hartford, Conn., 1976— 83; The Franklin Institute, 1983—85; executive director, Museum Institute for Teaching Science, 1985— . Member: Conn. Cetacean Soc. (vice president), AOU, Amer. Soc. Mammalogists, Hartford Aud. Soc. (chairman, wildlife lecture se- ries), N. Amer. Falconer’s Soc., Amer. Assoc. of Museums, Ottawa Field-Nat- uralist Club, Harvard Travellers Club. Publications: editorial board The Con- necticut. Warbler; published wildlife photographs in books, magazines, and newspapers. Field trip leader, whale and bird watching trips for MCZ, NAS, Maine Aud. Soc.; bird-related travel to Mexico, Canada, Colombia, Peru, Spain, Morocco, and Tanzania. DAVID LLOYD GARRISON Born: Barnstable, Mass., 1 September 1906. Elected: 1936 (secretary, 1939— 41: councillor, 1945—50; 1966—71; 1976-79). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1928. Vocation: curator of birds, N.E. Museum Nat.. Hist., 1939-41, 1946; Je EL. Emerson, Co. 194/—32- Member: Lincoln planning board, 1963—68. Pub- lications: compiler Bulletin of New England Bird Life, 1939-41; a number of papers on birds. GEORGE EDMUND GIFFORD, JR. Born: Elkton, Maryland, 13 November 1930. Died: 4 February 1981. Elected: 1962. Education: Univ. Maryland, B.S., 1951, M.D., 1955; Harvard Univ., A.M., 1961. Vocation: psychiatrist; instructor, Harvard Med. School, 1964-81. Mem- ber: Phi Alpha Theta. Publications: over 40 papers on the history of medicine, particularly the early physician/naturalists. CARL AMBROSE GOODRICH, III Born: Springfield, Mass., 15 May 1944. Elected: 1972, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Trinity College, A.B., 1966; Univ. Mass., M.S., 1969. Vocation: teacher, Walpole, Mass. 119 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES GEORGE WALKER GOVE Born: New Bedford, Mass., 29 November 1933. Elected: 1975. Education: Northeastern Univ., B.S.(civil engineering), 1963; Tufts Univ., M.S.(environ- mental engineering), 1965. Member: MAS, NAS, BBC, MBO, BOEM (staff member). Publications: field records editor, BOEM, 1980— Birdbander. HENRY VOSE GREENOUGH Born: Brookline, Mass., 11 June 1883. Died: 19 December 1976. Elected: 1902. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1905. Vocation: manufacturer and trustee. Member: AOU (honorary life member, 1901). JOHN AUGUSTUS GRISWOLD, JR. Born: Hewlett, Long Island, N.Y., 20 April 1912. Elected: 1933. Education: Cornell Univ., 1940—41. Vocation: curator of birds, Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 1947—77. Member: Intern. Wild Waterfowl Assn. (founder, 1958; vice president, 1968—78), Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (advisory board). Awards: plaque from Dept. Interior for first successful rearing of Trumpeter Swans in captivity, 1969; Jean Delacour Award for avicultural achievements, 1978; Wilderness Club Medal, 1979. Publications: Proven Methods of Keeping and Rearing Cranes in Captivity, 1962; contributor to Keeping and Raising Wild Geese in Captivity, 1965; over 25 papers in the field of ornithology. Collected natural history specimens for MCZ in Yugoslavia, Panama, Siam, Borneo, Peru, and Mexico. EDWARD STANLEY GRUSON Born: Toronto, Canada, 10 March 1929. Elected: 1971 (secretary, 1978-80). Education: Univ. Toronto, B.A., 1950; Harvard Univ., M.C.P., 1956. Vocation: city planner and administrator in Puerto Rico and at Harvard and Yale; pub- lisher. Member: Linnaean Soc. N.Y. Publications: Self-Help Housing in Puerto Rico, 1959; Words For Birds, 1972; The World’s Birds (with Richard Forster), 1976; five reports on higher education policy for Sloan Commission on Government and Higher Education, 1977—79. Bird-related travel to Latin America, Scandinavia, and Senegal. JOSEPH ARCHIBALD HAGAR Born: Lawrence, Mass., 13 May 1896. Elected: 1917 (councillor, 1941—42, 1950—55, 1972-75; vice president, 1942—50). Education: Harvard Univ., 1915— 17; Mass. Agricultural College, B.S., 1921. Vocation: ornithologist, Mass. Div. Fish Game, 1934—59. Member: AOU (elective member), Wilson Ornith. Soc., NEBBA (councillor, 1953-56; vice president, 1956-60), MBO (managing trustee, 1970-81, trustee, 1981—__), Wildlife Soc. (charter member). 120 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HENRY NICHOLAS HALBERG Born: Somerville, Mass., 18 September 1906. Elected: 1951. Education: MIT, S.B., 1930. Vocation: U.S. Geol. Sur., Water Resources Div., Boston, 1934—60, Little Rock, Ark., 1960-76. Publications: over a dozen papers on ground water resources and birds (mostly former); wrote with wife, Edith, Arkansas chapter in Pettingill, 2nd ed, A Gude to Bird Finding West of the Mississippi, 1981. Bird-related travel to Central America. PHILLIPS HALLOWELL Born: Washington, D.C., 14 November 1917. Elected: 1980. Education: Har- vard Univ., A.B., 1940, M.D., 1943. Vocation: associate professor, Harvard Med. School; cardiac anesthesiologist, Mass. General Hospital. Member: MAS (di- rector, 1965—78). Publications: medical field. Bird-related travel to Mexico, Guatamala, Portugal, Spain, Churchill, Kenya, Tanzania, Newfoundland, Panama, Sea of Cortez, Alaska, the Carribean, India- Nepal, Costa Rica, Chile, Antarctica, South Georgia, and Falkland Islands. FREDERICK ROYCE HAMLEN Born: Dover, Mass., 17 December 1922. Elected: 1976. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1942, Harvard Grad. School Design, M. Arch., 1953. Vocation: architect. Member: Amer. Inst. Architects, Mass. State Assoc. Architects, Boston Soc. Architects. Publications: many articles in local newspapers on birdwatch- ing and land preservation; currently working on book on architectural planning and one for school children on birds of the coastal plain from Maine to Con- necticut. FRANKLIN TWEED HAMMOND, JR Born: Cambridge, Mass., 4 October 1901. Elected: 1967, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1922, LL.B., 1925. Vocation: law- yer, director, trustee in Boston. WILLIAM WAYNE HANLEY Born: Trenton, Missouri, 3 June 1915. Elected: 1964, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Univ. Missouri, B. Jour., 1936. Vocation: reporter, writer; editor, MAS, 1964— _ . Publications: over 5,000 popular articles on natural history, conservation, ornithology, and general natural resources. BRIAN AMORY HARRINGTON Born: Providence, Rhode Is., 18 March 1941. Elected: 1974 (councillor, 1978— 81). Education: Ohio Wesleyan Univ., B.A., 1960; Univ. South Florida, M.A., 1972. Vocation: biologist, Smithsonian Institution, Wash., DC, 1965-68; cu- rator, Univ. South Florida (Tampa), 1968-72; biologist, MBO, 1972—_. Mem- 121 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ber: AOU (life member; elective member), Cooper Ornith. Soc. (life member), Wilson Ornith. Soc. (life member), NEBBA (life member; assistant treasurer; councillor, 1971-76, 1981-83), BOU, Plymouth County (Mass.) Wildlands Trust. Publications: about 25 papers on ornithology. Research interests: breeding biology of colonial birds, deferred maturity in birds, migration (particularly of shorebirds), habitat protection of important stopover areas of shore and other birds. WINTHROP WENDELL HARRINGTON, JR. Born: Waltham, Mass., 5 July 1933. Elected: 1962 (councillor, 1964—69). Ed- ucation: Stanford Univ., A.B.(biology), 1956; Tufts Univ. School Dental Med- icine, D.M.D., 1960. Vocation: instructor, Tufts Dental School; U.S. Army, Fort Gordon, Augusta, Ga., Georgia Dental Detachment, 1960—62, dentist, Lexing- ton and Lincoln, Mass. Member: BBC, MAS. Bird-related travel to Falkland Islands, Argentina, Antarctica, Indian sub- continent, East Africa, South Africa, Rhodesia, Botswana, Peru, Central Amer- ica, Hawai, Trinidad and Tobago, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, England, Switzerland, the Bahamas, and many areas of N. Amer. SYDNEY PACKARD HARRISON Born: Wilmington, Delaware, 15 June 1920. Elected: 1975. Education: Wil- liams College, A.B., 1941. Vocation: investment counselor; chairman, Loomis- Sayles, Boston (retired 1975); president, Pacific Grove Museum of Nat. Hist., 1983— Bird-related travels world-wide. KENNETH JEREMY HARTE Born: New York, N.Y., 16 June 1935. Elected: 1959 (councillor, 1974). Ed- ucation: Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., B.S., 1958; Harvard Univ., A.M., 1960, Ph.D.(physics), 1965. Vocation: physicist, solid-state physics, MIT Lincoln Lab., 1959-69; computer memory development, Micro-Bit Corp. (cofounder), 1969— 78; electron beam lithography, Micro-Bit Division, Control Data Corp., 1978— 84; Varian Assoc. and Multi-Beam Inc., 1984— . Member: conservation commn.., Carlisle (Mass.), 1968-82. Publications: about 30 papers on ferromagnetic thin films and electron optics, 16 patents in electron beam technology, a few notes and articles on birds. Birdbander. Bird-related travel to Sri Lanka. Book collector and part-time dealer specializing in ornithology. KARSTEN EDWARD HARTEL Born: Boston, Mass., 10 January 1944. Elected: 1977. Education: Univ. Mass.(Amherst), B.S.(wildlife biology), 1974. Vocation: curatorial associate in ichthylogy, MCZ. Member: Biological Soc. Washington, Amer. Soc. Ichthyol- 122 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ogists Herpetologists (board of governors; comm. on curatorial supplies and practices; newsletter editor), Commonwealth Mass. Nongame Advisory Comm. (secretary, 1985—__). Publications: short notes on ichthyological collection cu- ration; currently preparing an account of freshwater fish of Mass., and a check- list of fishes of Mass. Bay (with B. B. Collette). Birdbander. JEREMY JOHN HATCH Born: London, England, 7 October 1937. Elected: 1976. Education: Cam- bridge Univ., B.A., 1961; Duke Univ., Ph.D., 1967. Vocation: associate pro- fessor of biology, Univ. Mass.(Boston). Member: AOU, BOU, COS, BTO, Colo- nial Waterbird Group. Publications: about 15 papers and notes, mostly on bird ecology and behavior. Field research in Galapagos, Bahamas, Caribbean (Tobago, Los Roques), Ha- wali, Marianas, and New England. Research interests are bird behavior and ecology. ALTON HASTINGS HATHAWAY Born: Cambridge, Mass., 4 May 1882. Died: 17 August 1981. Elected: 1913. Education: Harvard Univ., Class of 1903. Vocation: wholesale baking, Cam- bridge, Mass. STEVENS HECKSCHER Born: Philadelphia, Penna., 21 August 1930. Elected: 1955, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1952, A.M., 1954, Ph.D., 1960. Vocation: associate professor of mathematics, Swarthmore College. Publica- tions: occasional papers in mathematics and religion, chiefly the former. RICHARD SCOTT HEIL Born: Lynn, Mass., 18 April 1958. Elected: 1981. Education: currently at Salem State College. Vocation: naturalist, Wellfleet Bay Wild. Sanc. (MAS), 1979; four MBO seabird and cetacea research cruises, 1978—80; gulls and terns proj- ect on Muskeget Islands (MAS), 1981; ranger/naturalist, Marblehead Neck Wild. Sanc., 1981—__. Publications: editor, northeastern maritime region, Amer. Birds, 1982-—__; editor, N.E. Christmas Bird Counts, Amer. Birds; records editor, BOEM; several papers on birds. SIBLEY HIGGINBOTHAM Born: Jefferson, Maine, 22 July 1914. Elected: 1948 (councillor, 1973—76). Education: Harvard Univ., S.B.(psychology and chemistry), 1936; Boston Univ. School Social Work, M. Soc. Serv., 1940. Vocation: social work administration (retired 1979). Member: Natl. Assoc. Social Workers, Academy of Certified So- cial Workers (national), licensed clinical social worker (state), Governor's ap- 123 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES pointee to Statewide Advisory Council to Office for Children, 1972—85, N.E. Botanical Club, Josselyn Botanical Soc. (Maine, South Shore Science Center (board member), SSBC (recorder, 25 years; president), MAS. Publications: three pa- pers on social work. Taught bird identification courses for MAS at Milton facility, 1959-66. Tour leader for SSBC to Delmarva, Florida, Texas, Arizona, Calif., Trinidad and Tobago. Currently doing botanical field work in locating stations of rare and endangered species for Critical Areas Program in Maine and Natural Heritage Program in Mass. NORMAN PEIRCE HILL Born: Arlington, Mass., 14 December 1920. Elected: 1942 (secretary, 1944— 45; president, 1966-69; general chairman of combined Nuttall Club centennial and AOU annual meeting, Provincetown, Mass., 6-12 October 1973). Educa- tion: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1942, M.D., 1945. Vocation: physician, Fall River, Mass., specialist in internal medicine and cardiology. Member: AOU, Mass. Med. Soc. (fellow), Amer. College Physicians (fellow), Mass. and Amer. Soc. of In- ternal Medicine (charter member). Publications: Birds of Cape Cod, 1965; life histories of the Acadian, Eastern, Southern, James Bay, and Nelson’s Sharp- tailed Sparrows in Bent’s Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows and Allies, Pt 2, 1968; over a dozen papers in the fields of ornithology and medicine. Bird-related travel to all seven continents with special interest in the neo- tropics. RICHARD MAY HINCHMAN Born: Groton, Mass., | May 1912. Died: 13 September 1983. Elected: 1931 (councillor, 1955-59). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1934. Vocation: ad- ministrator, Harvard Uniy. (retired 1978). Member: NEBBA (secretary-treas- urer, 1951-54; vice president, 1956-58), AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., WBBA, MAS, Natl. Genealogical Soc., BTO, IBBA, EBBA, BBC, NAS, Groton Conservation Trust (secretary-treasurer, 1965—70). Publications: occasional notes on birdbanding and genealogy. DEBORAH VOSS HOWARD Born: White Plains, New York, 14 September 1930. Elected: 1974. Educa- tion: Wellesley College, B.A.(zoology), 1952; Boston Univ., M.A.(biology), 1963. Vocation: MAS research associate, 1964—70, assistant to director of nat. hist. services, 1970—75, director, environmental affairs department, 1975—85; senior assistant and secretary, executive office of environmental affairs, Commonw. Mass. Birdbander, 1976-80. 124 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES GEORGE LESTER HUNT, JR. Born: Boston, Mass., 10 August 1942. Elected: 1960. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1965, Ph.D., 1971. Vocation: professor, department of ecology and evolutionary biology, Univ. Calif.(Irvine) (chairman, 1979-83). Member: Pa- cific Seabird Group (past chairman, comm. on seabird and fisheries manage- ment), Cooper Ornith. Soc. (councillor, 1977-80), AAAS (fellow, 1981), AOU (elective member, 1977). Publications: more than 70 publications and technical reports in ecology and ornithology. Research interests: pelagic distribution of seabirds (Alaska, Antarctica), sea- bird colonies (Pribilof, Santa Barbara, and Penobscot Bay Islands). AGNAR INGOLFSON Born: Reyxizvik, Iceland, 29 July 1937. Elected: 1969, membership lapsed 1973. Education: Univ. Aberdeen, B.Sc.(zoology); Univ. Michigan, Ph.D.(orn- ithology). Vocation: assistant professor biology, Southeastern Mass. Univ., 1967— 1970; docent (zoology), Univ. Iceland, 1971-1973, professor of ecology, 1973— . Member: Icelandic Biological Society (chairman, 1979-1983). Pub- lications: approximately 20 papers on shorebird and gull ecology. Currently involved in research on marine ecology and ornithology. ROBERT FRANCIS JASSE Born: Winthrop, Mass., 25 January 1929. Elected: 1964, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Boston College, 1954; Univ. Penna., M.B.A., 1957. Vo- cation: manufacturer of electromagnetic shielding, Plainville, Mass. BENNETT RAYMOND KEENAN Born: Danvers, Mass., 23 March 1926. Died: 3 July 1979. Elected: 1951 (treasurer, 1959-71; trustee, 1960—79). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1947. Vocation: banker, N.E. Merchants Natl. Bank, Boston, 1947-1979. ALLAN REED KEITH Born: Boston, Mass., 26 July 1937. Elected: 1962. Education: Amherst Col- lege, B.A., 1959; Harvard Univ., M.B.A., 1961. Vocation: investment banking, Smith Barney & Co., 1963-73; Dillon Read & Co., 1976—78; investment man- agement, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 1973-75, 1978— . Member: Harding Township board of education, 1972—78 (president, 1976-78), civic assn., 1979-81, town council, 1983— ; ICBP (treasurer, U.S. Sec., 1970—__), Explorer’s Club, New York (chairman, environmental comm., 1969-73), Quincy Bog Natural Area (director, 1977— ), ABA (director and treasurer, 1975—_), New Jersey Conservation Foundation (trustee, 1970—1983), New Jersey Aud. Soc. (director, 1985—_ ); life member of AOU, Cooper Ornith. Soc., Wilson Ornith. Soc., WBBA, NEBBA, Western Field Ornithologists; ASNH, MAS, Nova Scotia Bird Soc., Charles A. Urner Ornith. Club. 125 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Bird-related travel to seven continents with recent concentration on South Amer. and Caribbean region. Primary interest is distribution of birds. JOHN HAROLD KENNARD Born: Newton, Mass., 14 December 1910. Died: 1 November 1981. Elected: 1930, resigned 1940, reelected 1964. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1932, M.D., 1936. Vocation: surgeon, Manchester, New Hamp. Member: Amer. Col- lege Surgeons (fellow), NEBBA (councillor, 1964—67; president, 1971-73). Publications: papers on surgery and ornithology. JOSEPH FRANCIS KENNEALLY, JR. Born: Brocton, Mass., 11 August 1930. Elected: 1965 (councillor, 1974—77, 1980-83). Education: Stonehill College, B.S.(biology), 1952; Boston College, M.S.(biology), 1956; Tufts Univ. School Dental Med., D.M.D., 1957. Vocation: Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y., (intern-resident, 1957-59); Boston Univ. School Dental Med., 1959-60; oral surgeon. Member: SSBC, BBC. Interested in bird photography. GLENN CARROLL KINNEY Born: Seattle, Washington, 8 June 1921. Elected: 1971. Education: Univ. Washington, B.S., 1950, M.S., 1952, Ph.D., 1959. Vocation: division staff, Mitre Corp., 1959-86. Publications: about 30 papers on sensory psychology, human engineering and performance, and bird behavior in relation to toxins. RICHARD THOMAS KLEBER Born: Tonawanda, New York, 13 December 1927. Elected: 1955, member- ship lapsed mid-1970s (vice president, 1960—63). Education: Mass. College Art, B.S., 1951. Vocation: curator of collections, Boston Mus. Sci., 1952—56, staff ornithologist, 1954—61; director, Trailside Mus., Milton, Mass., 1957-61; di- rector, Worcester Natural History Soc. and Worcester Sci. Center, 1961-83. Member: Amer. Assn. Zoological Parks and Aquariums (fellow). JOHN CHARLES KRICHER Born: Philadelphia, Penna., 7 February 1944. Elected: 1977 (secretary, 1981— 84). Education: Temple Univ., A.A., 1964, B.A., 1966; Rutgers Univ., Ph.D., 1970. Vocation: assistant professor, Wheaton College, 1970—74; associate pro- fessor, 1974—80; professor of biology, 1980— . Member: AAAS., Soc. Study Evolution, Ecological Soc. Amer., Assn. Tropical Biology, AOU, Cooper Or- nith. Soc., Wilson Ornith. Soc., Sigma Xi, NEBBA (councillor, 1982; vice pres- ident, 1983; president, 1984—_ ). Publications: about 50 papers on ecology and ornithology. Currently working on a field guide to eastern forests for the Peterson field guide series, and a book on tropical ecology. Coprincipal investigator (with William E. Davis, Jr.) on banding project in 126 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Belize, sponsored by Earthwatch, Januaries 1982-84, Bird-related travel to En- gland, Ireland, much of N. Amer., Panama, Peru, and Ecuador. OLIVER SAMUEL LAROUCHE Born: Oldtown, Maine, 27 December 1919. Elected: 1969. Education: Univ. Maine(Orono), B.S.E.E., 1949. Vocation: engineer; trustee and superintendent (owner-developer) of Hirundo Wildlife Refuge, Alton, Maine, for Univ. Maine (associate faculty member, Wildlife Dept., member institutional animal care and use committee); manufacturer of Parker C. Reed (deceased member of NOC) bird feeders and nesting boxes. Member: Bangor Nature Club. Currently assisting in research studies conducted by Univ. Maine at Hirundo Wildlife Refuge. RALPH LAWSON Born: Plainfield, New Jersey, 1 February 1887. Died: 19 December 1975. Elected: 1916 (trustee, 1946—62). Vocation: cotton merchant. Member: MAS (director, 1922—70; chairman of board, 1957—64), NEBBA (councillor, 1925), Essex County Ornith. Club (secretary, 1917-34; vice president, 1935—36; pres- ident, 1937—38). Publications: a few notes on birds. CLIFTON FELTON LEATHERBEE Born: Chicago, Illinois, 22 November 1911. Elected: 1933. Education: Har- vard Univ., A.B., 1934, Harvard Business School, M.B.A., 1936. Vocation: manager-director in charge of operation and construction ski lifts in winter resort in Chile, director Junta de Vecinos de Farellones, S. Amer. Continued interest in bird-related activities. BENJAMIN BURTON LEAVITT Born: Brookline, Mass., 5 April 1906. Died: 12 February 1980. Elected: 1933, resigned 1935, reelected 1937. Education: Dartmouth College, B.A., 1929; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1937. Vocation: teacher; professor, biology, Univ. Flor- ida; scientific staff, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., 7 years. Member: Amer. Inst. Biological Sci. Publications: 11 papers on oceanography, herpetology, and ornithology. MILLERD ROSS LEIN Born: Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada, 29 December 1944. Elected: 1970. Education: Univ. Saskatchewan, B.A., 1965, M.A., 1968; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1973. Vocation: assistant professor of biology, Univ. Calgary, 1973-81; asso- ciate professor, 1981—_ . Member: AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., Soc. Canadian Ornithol. (president, 1982—85), BOU. Publications: about 30 scientific papers on birds. 127 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES HENRY STOCKTON LEWIS Born: Chelsea, Mass., 2 January 1902. Elected: 1958, resigned 1977. Edu- cation: Tufts Univ., B.S., 1924. Vocation: leather and wool processing business, Lawrence, Mass. MARCIA JOAN LITCHFIELD Born: Boston, Mass., 21 March 1954. Elected: 1980. Education: Univ. Mass.(Boston), B.S.(biology), 1983. Vocation: naturalist; employed by MAS, MBO, Maria Mitchell Assn. (Natural Sci. Mus. Nantucket), S. Shore Natural Sci. Cen- ter, and Cambridge Center Adult Education. Member: SSBC, BOEM, S. Shore Natural Science Center. Bird-related travels throughout N.E., Nova Scotia, and Virgin Islands; re- search assistant in studying population dynamics of cormorants in Boston Har- bor; MBO seabird research in Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank. TREVOR LEWIS LLOYD-EVANS Born: Oxford, England, 24 May 1946. Elected: 1976 (member nominating comm., 1977; councillor, 1978—79; vice president, 1979-81; president, 1981— 84). Education: Univ. Wales, Honours B. Sc.(zoology), 1968. Vocation: assis- tant warden Bardsey Bird Observatory, 1965; staff ornithologist, BT'O, 1968— 69; project officer, BTO, in Royal Air Force study of bird ingestion by low— flying jet aircraft, 1969-71; senior staff biologist, MBO, 1972— . Member: NEBBA (councillor, 1979-85), Wilson Ornith. Soc., BTO, AOU, SSBC. Pub- lications: about 15 articles on birds; “Changing Seasons” (with Hagar, Har- rington, and Powers) in Amer. Birds, 1980, “Fall Migration Summary MBO” in EBBA News and N. Amer. Bird Bander, 1973—83. Book reviews for several jour- nals. Led MBO expeditions to Belize, 1983-84, to study molt and habitat use by N. Amer. migrants; bird ringer/bander since 1964: member expeditions to Scotland, Wales, Spain, Portugal, Lake Chad (Nigeria), James Bay (Canada). Research interests are bird population monitoring, migration, molt, habitat use, census methods. RICHARD MERRILL MARBLE Born: Crawford’s Notch, New Hamp., 30 September 1889. Died: 7 March 1976. Elected: 1910. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1912, M.F., 1914. Vo- cation: forestry; headmaster, Woodstock, Vermont, high school. Publications: a few notes on birds. CHARLES RUSSELL MASON Born: Doyleston, Penna., 28 October 1895. Died: 17 August 1983. Elected: 1940 (treasurer, 1942—50; vice president, 1953-55; president, 1955-57). Ed- ucation: Penn. State Univ., B.S., 1917; Purdue Univ., M.S.A., 1920. Vocation: 128 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES executive director, and editor Bulletin, MAS, 1940—57; executive director, Flor- ida Aud. Soc., 1957-70; president and co-owner, Russ Mason’s Flying Carpet Tours. Member: Florida Conservation Council (chairman, 1957-73), Florida Aud. Soc. (president, 1936-39), AOU (elective member, 1947), NEBBA (coun- cillor, 1950—54: vice president, 1955-56), N.E. Wild Flower Preservation Soc. (honorary director). Awards: Annual Conservation Award, Trustees of Res- ervations, 1952; Governor’s Award, Wildlife, Florida, 1960; awards from Na- tional Wildlife Federation and Florida Conservation Council. Publications: Pic- ture Primer of Attracting Birds, 1952, Build Bird Population with Food Plants, 1954, Burd Finding in the Caribbean, over 1,000 articles in magazines and newspapers relating to ornithology, horticulture, natural history, and conservation. ERNST MAYR Born: Kempten, Bavaria, 5 July 1904. Elected: 1953 (councillor, 1954—55; vice president, 1955—57; president, 1957-59; Honorary Member, 1975). Ed- ucation: Univ. Berlin, Ph.D., 1926; honorary doctorates: Uppsala Univ., 1957; Yale Univ., 1959; Univ. Melbourne, 1959; Oxford Univ, 1966; Univ. Munich, 1968; Sorbonne, 1974; Harvard Univ., 1979; Cambridge Univ., 1982; Guelph Univ., 1982. Vocation: assistant curator, Univ. Berlin, 1926—32; associate cu- rator, Whitney-Rothschild collection, AMNH, 1932-44, curator, 1944-53; Alexander Agassiz professor of zoology, Harvard Univ., 1953—75; director, MCZ, 1961—70; professor emeritus, Harvard Univ., 1975— . Member: AOU (fellow, 1937; council, 1944— ; vice president, 1953-56; president, 1956-59), Natl. Acad. of Sci., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. (fellow, 1954), MAS (director, 1959— 70; honorary director, 1970— ), NEBBA (councillor, 1957—59), 11th Intern. Zool. Congr. (vice president), 13th Intern. Ornith. Cong., 1962 (president), Asoc. Ornith. del Plata (honorary member), Amer. Philos. Soc., Linn. Soc. New York (fellow), RAOU (honorary member), BOU, Zool. Soc. London, Linn. Soc. Lon- don, Soc. Ornithol. France, Royal Soc. New Zealand, Botanical Gardens In- donesia, S. African Ornith. Soc. Awards: Leidy Medal, Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila- delphia, 1946; Wallace Darwin Medal, Linn. Soc. London, 1958; Brewster Memorial Medal, AOU, 1965; Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal, Natl. Acad. Sci., 1967; Verrill Medal, Yale Univ., 1967; National Medal Sci., 1970; Balzan Prize, 1983. Publications: List of New Guinea Birds, 1941; Systematics and the Origin of Species, 1942; Birds of the Southwest Pacific, 1945; Birds of the Philippines (with J. Dela- cour), 1946; Methods and Principles of Systematic Zoology (with co-authors), 1953; Animal Species and Evolution, 1963; Principles of Systematic Zoology, 1969; Popu- lations, Species, and Evolution, 1970; Evolution and the Diversity of Life, 1976; The Evolutionary Synthesis (with W. Provine, editors), 1980; The Growth of Biological Thought, 1982: contributor, or editor (with others), to six of the volumes of Check-list of Birds of the World; over 500 papers in the field of zoology. SCOTT MERRILL MELVIN Born: Bangor, Maine, 14 December 1953. Elected: 1986. Education: Univ. Maine(Orono), B.S.(wildlife management), 1975; Univ. Wisconsion(Stevens Point), 129 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES M.S.(natural resources), 1978; Univ. Wisconsin(Madison), Ph.D.(wildlife ecol- ogy and zoology), 1982. Vocation: zoologist, Mass. Natural Heritage Program, 1983— . Member: AOU, International Crane Foundation, NEBBA, Ottawa Field—Naturalists Club, Wildlife Soc., Whooping Crane Conserv. Assn., Wilson Ornithol. Soc. Publications: ten papers on ornithology. GILBERT EMERSON MERRILL Born: Salem, Mass., 11 Sept 1920. Elected: 1955, membership lapsed mid- 1970s. Education: Tufts Univ., B.S., 1948; Williams College, M.A., 1950; Bel- knap College, D.L.D.(honorary), 1973. Vocation: director, Squam Lakes Sci. Center, 1967— ANDREW JOSEPH MEYERRIECKS Born: Brooklyn, New York, 26 February 1924. Elected: 1958, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Univ. Tenn., A.B., 1950; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1958. Vocation: professor biology, Univ. South Florida, 1961— . Member: AOU (elective member, 1961). Awards: Distinguished Faculty Lecture Award, Univ. South Florida, 1965; Distinguished Teacher Award, 1978. Publications: Com- paratwe Breeding Behavior of Four Species of North American Herons, 1960; Courtship m Animals, 1962; major contributor to Handbook of North American Birds, Vol. 1 (R. S. Palmer, editor), 1962; Man and Birds, 1972; over 35 papers on ornithol- ogy, mammalogy, and herpetology. PAUL STEVEN MILIOTIS Born: Lowell, Mass., 2 May 1941. Elected: 1970 (councillor, 1972—75). Ed- ucation: Lowell Technological Inst., 1961-62. Vocation: equipment installer, N.E. Telephone and Telegraph Co.; research associate in entomology, MCZ, 1978-82; curatorial affiliate in entomology, Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist., Yale Univ., 1977— . Member: Cambridge Entomological Club (president, 1976), AOU, Amer. Entomological Soc., Lepidopterists’ Soc., Coleopterists’ Soc., Societas In- ternationalis Odonatologica, N.E. Botanical Club. Publications: four papers on birds and entomology. Co-leader MAS tours to Mexico and Arizona; tour co-leader Trinidad, Won- der Bird Tours. Bird-related trips to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, Panama, France, California, and Texas. ELBRIDGE ALDEN MINARD Born: Boston, Mass., 14 December 1898. Elected: 1949, resigned 1974 (trustee, 1957-59). Education: Brown Univ., A.B., 1921. Vocation: business, Boston. DENNIS MINSKY Born: Harrisburg, Penna., 9 November 1945. Elected: 1977. Education: Penna. State Univ., B.A., 1967; Calif. State Univ.(Long Beach), graduate work. Vo- 130 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES cation: field biologist, employed through various contracts with state, federal, and local agencies. Publications: about a dozen papers on ornithology. Currently involved in banding California Least Terns. Research interests are in colony dynamics of Least Terns. TERRIS MOORE Born: Haddonfield, New Jersey, 11 April 1908. Elected: 1947. Education: Williams College, A.B., 1929; Harvard Univ., M.B.A., 1933, D.C.S., 1937; Univ. Alaska, LL.D., 1967. Vocation: consultant, explorer; president, Boston Mus. Sci., 1945-48; president, Univ. Alaska, 1949-53 (honorary professor, 1954— ; president emeritus, 1973—__); consultant, Army Scientific Advisory Panel, 1959-69. Member: Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. (trustee, 1940—49), Royal Geo- graphic Soc. (fellow), Amer. Geographical Soc. (councillor, 1967), AAAS (fel- low), Awards: Distinguished Service Award, U.S. Air Force, for Civil Air Patrol. Publications: Farmers Income Tax and Practical Farm Accounts; co-author Men Against the Clouds, 1934; Mt. McKinley—the Pioneer Climbs, 1967; numerous articles in magazines and journals. ALLEN HUNGERFORD MORGAN Born: Waltham, Mass., 12 August 1925. Elected: 1949 (treasurer, 1952—58), membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Bowdoin College, B.S., 1947; Mel- lon Fellow, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 1980; honorary doctorates: Bowdoin College, 1975; Univ. Mass., 1976; Amer. Intern. College, 1976. Vocation: insurance, 1947—57; executive vice president, MAS, 1957-80; principal, AHM Consulting Services, 1981— . Member: N.E. Wild Flower Preservation Soc. (director, 1958-68), Sudbury Valley Trustees (primary or- ganizer and secretary), Wayland Conservation Commn. (chairman, 1959-72). Awards: The Trustees of Reservations Award, 1965; Amer. Motors Conser- vation Award, 1966; Public Relations Soc. Amer., N.E. Chapter, Outstanding Citizen Award, 1972. Publications: many general conservation articles. Co-col- lector (with W. H. Drury and R. Stackpole) of first Cattle Egret in N. Amer., 1952. PETER RHOADES MOTT Born: Trenton, New Jersey, 8 December 1932. Elected: 1959. Education: Yale Univ., B.A., 1954; Harvard Univ., M.Ed., 1960. Vocation: teacher, biology and general sci., 1956-67; headmaster, Moses Brown School, Providence, Rhode Is., 1969-78; headmaster, St. Lukes School, New Canaan, Conn., 1978-80; president, Florida Aud. Soc., 1980-84; biology teacher, Fieldston School, 1984—. Principal investigator, Logan Airport bird hazard research, 1960-61, and Bonaire Island (Netherland West Indies) conflict between solar salt harvest and nesting flamingoes; principal negotiater between Florida Aud. Soc. and U.S. Dept. Interior, the Dusky Seaside Sparrow Recovery Plan; director, Har- bor Herons Project, New York City Aud. Soc. 131 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES NATHANIEL CUSHING NASH Born: Cambridge, Mass., 15 June 1922. Elected: 1946. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1945. Vocation: N. E. Telephone and Telegraph Co. (retired). Member: conservation commn., Hamilton, Mass. (chairman, 1960—65). WHITNEY DAVID NICHOLS Born: Lima, Ohio, 25 June 1946. Elected: 1970. Education: Marlboro Col- lege, B.S., 1969. Vocation: educational therapist, Brattleboro, Vermont, public schools 1969-72; learning disabilities specialist, Vernon, Vermont, elementary school; staff naturalist, Questers Tours and Travel, Inc., 1977-84; special ed- ucator, Brattleboro Retreat, 1985— . Member: AOU, ABA, Vermont Inst. Nat. Sci. Publications: “Vermont Daily Field Card”; editor, Records of Vermont Birds; contributor to The Atlas of Breeding Birds of Vermont, 1985. BLAIR JAMES NIKULA Born: Barnstable, Mass., 28 September 1951. Elected: 1981 (councillor, 1983—_ ). Vocation: general manager, Cape Cod Wind & Weather Indicators, Harwich Port, Mass.; former seasonal naturalist at MAS Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary. Member: AOU, MBO, PRBO, Cape May Bird Observatory, Wader Study Group, Western Field Orniihologists, NEBBA. Publications: regional editor Amer. Birds, “Checklist of the Birds of Cape Cod,” several articles on birds. Primary interest: Cape Cod birds; shorebirds and shorebird migration; bird photography. IAN CHRISTOPHER THOMAS NISBET Born: London, England, 16 September 1934. Elected: 1975, resigned 1982. Education: Cambridge Univ., B.A.(natural sciences), 1954, M.A., 1958, Ph.D.(physics), 1958. Vocation: environmental scientist, physics and engineer- ing, 1957-68, ecology and ecotoxicology, 1968— __, toxicology and chemical risk assessment, 1972—_ ; director, scientific staff, MAS, 1974—80. Publications: Chemical Hazards to Human Reproduction, 1983, about 100 published papers on ecology, ecotoxicology, and chemical risk assessment. Currently studying behavioral ecology of terns in Mass. ROBERT LESLIE NORTON Born: Melbourne, Australia, 13 June 1945, Elected: 1977. Education: Cen- tral Conn. State College, B.A.(geography), 1969; Univ. Conn., 1973—75; God- dard College, M.A.(biogeography), 1978. Vocation: weather observer, U.S. Air Force, Bedford, Mass., 1970—73; hydrolic aid, State Climatologist Office, Storrs, Conn., 1973-74; wildlife biologist, Lycott Environmental Research Co., Stur- bridge, Mass., 1974—75, Environmental Research and Technology, Concord, Mass., 1976—78; MBO intern, 1974; staff scientist and research manager, Vir- gin Islands Ecological Research Station, College of Virgin Islands, St. John, 132 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1978-79; wildlife biologist, Div. Fish Wildlife, Dept. Conservation Cultural Af- fairs, U.S. Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, 1979— . Member: Virgin Islands Con- servation Soc. (director), Colonial Waterbird Group. Publications: “Virgin Is- lands National Park Bird Checklist”; regional editor (West Indies), Amer. Birds, 1980—__; papers in ornithology and herpetology; contributions to several field guides. Bird-related travel to much of Caribbean and U.S.; birdbander. JOHN FRANCIS O’CONNOR Born: Dedham, Mass., 2 February 1931. Elected: 1976. Education: Boston College, B.A., 1952; Boston Univ. School Med., M.D., 1957. Vocation: director, pediatric radiology, Boston City Hospital; chief radiologist, Kennedy Memorial Hospital, Brighton, Mass.; professor, radiology, pediatrics, and anatomy, Bos- ton Univ. School Med., associate dean for admissions. Member: 10 professional medical societies, Dedham Conservation Commn., Endicott Estate Commn., (Dedham, Mass.; vice chairman), Saskatchewan Nat. Hist. Soc., Natl. Wildlife Fed., NAS, SSBC, Dedham Friends of Conservation (president), MAS (director, 1975— , executive comm., nominating comm.). Publications: about 40 papers on medicine. Interested in bird photography. PATRICIA ANN O’NEILL Born: Milton, Mass., 17 March 1938. Elected: 1983. Education: Newton Col- lege Sacred Heart, B.A., 1959; Northeastern Univ. School Law, J.D., 1972. Vo- cation: reporter, Patriot Ledger, Quincy, Mass., 1961-67; Vista Volunteer, S. Bronx, New York, 1968; staff attorney, Mass. Defenders Comm., 1972- Member: SSBC. Bird-related travel to Panama, Surinam, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil; birdbander. FRED MALLERY PACKARD Born: Rutherford, New Jersey, 2 April 1913. Died: 5 December 1981. Elected: 1932. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1934; Univ. Colorado, M.A., 1942. Vo- cation: international specialist in National Park Service; secretary, International Commun. on National Parks, 1958—69. Member: Defenders of Wildlife (founder and director), Virginia chapter, Nature Conservancy (vice chairman, 1958-60), National Resources Council Amer. (founder), Northern Virginia Conservation Council and Virginia Conservation Council (founder). Publications: Birds of Rocky Mountain National Park, 1942, United Nations List of National Parks and Equivalent Reserves, 1962, many notes and articles, mostly on national parks and conservation. ROBERT TREAT PAINE Born: Cambridge, Mass., 13 April 1933. Elected: 1950. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.(biology), 1954; Univ. Michigan, Ph.D.(zoology), 1961. Vocation: 133 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES professor of zoology, Univ. Washington(Seattle). Member: Ecological Soc. Amer. (editorial board, past president), Amer. Soc. Limnology Oceanography (editor- ial board). Publications: Brewer’s Sparrow in Bent’s Life Histories of North Amer- ican Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows and Allies, Pt 2, 1968, about 55 scientific papers, mostly on ecology, several on birds. Currently working on Black Oystercatchers as limpet predators. HAVEN PARKER Born: Lancaster, Mass., 15 April 1899. Elected: 1942. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1922, LL.B., 1925. Vocation: lawyer; judge, Third District Court of Eastern Middlesex County, Cambridge, Mass. (retired). ALBERT EDWARD PARKS Born: Lunenberg, Mass., 3 April 1915. Died: 15 February 1982. Elected: 1950. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1937. Vocation: banker, National Shaw- mut Bank of Boston. JOHN HORACE PARRY Born: Handsworth, Staffs., England, 26 April 1914. Died: 25 August 1982. Elected: 1966. Education: Clare College, Cambridge Univ., B.A., 1935, M.A., Ph.D., 1938; Univ. Ceara, LL.D.(honorary), 1964. Vocation: teacher of history, England, West Indies, Nigeria, Wales; Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs, Harvard Univ., 1965-82. Member: Royal Historical Soc. (fellow), Hakluyt Soc. (councillor), Glamorgan County Naturalists’ Trust (vice presi- dent). Publications: Spanish Theory of Empire, 1940, Audiencia of New Galicia, 1948, Europe and a Wider World, 1949, Short History of the West Indies, 1956, Age of Reconnaissance, 1963, Spanish Seaborne Empire, 1964, Trade and Dominion, 1971, numerous papers, chiefly on maritime history. ROBERT OWEN PAXTON Born: Lexington, Virginia, 15 June 1932. Elected: 1959. Education: Wash- ington and Lee Univ., B.A., 1954, D.Litt.(honorary), 1974; Oxford Univ., B.A., 1956, M.A., 1961; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1963. Vocation: professor of modern european history, Univ. Calif. (Berkeley), 1961-67; N.Y. State Univ., Stony Brook, 1967-69; Columbia Univ., 1969— . Member: AOU, Virginia Soc. Ornithol., PRBO (newsletter editor, 1965-66, director, 1965-67), Linn. Soc. New York (president, 1979-81), Ligue Francaise pour la Protection des Oiseaux (France). Publications: Parades and Politics at Vichy, 1966, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1972, Europe in the Twentieth Century, 1975, Vichy France and the Jews (with M. Marrus), 1981; regional editor, middle Pacific coast region, Aud. Field Notes, 1964-67, Hudson Delaware region, Amer. Birds, 1975—__, “Changing Seasons” column four times; several papers on birds. Birdbanding in Calif. and New York. 134 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR. Born: New York, New York, 29 November 1925. Elected: 1953 (vice presi- dent, 1959-60; president, 1960-63, 1972-74; editor, Nuttall Publications se- ries, 1966—__). Education: Bowdoin College, B.S., 1946; Yale Univ., M.S., 1948, Ph.D., 1954. Vocation: assistant curator of birds, MCZ, 1953—56; associate cu- rator, 1956-60; curator, 1961—_ ; lecturer on biology, Harvard Univ., 1963— 74, senior lecturer, 1975—_ ; faculty arts sci., 1963— . Member: AOU (fellow, 1963), NEBBA (councillor, 1955-56; 1960-62), BOU, RAOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., Ecological Soc. Amer. Publications: board of editors, Wilson Bulletin, 1956-68; associate editor, Amer. Midland Naturalist, 1963-69; Ornithogeography of the Yucatan Peninsula, 1955; family Troglodytidae (part) in Check-list of Birds of the World, Vol. IX, 1960, Polioptilinae and Rhinocryptidae, Vol. X, 1964; Estrildidae (part) and Carduelinae (part), Vol. XIV, 1968; Em- berizinae, Catamblyrhynchinae, and Cardinalinae, Vol. XIII, 1970; editor Check- list of Birds of the World, Vol. X (with E. Mayr), Vol. XII, 1967, Vol. XIII, 1970, Vol. XIV, 1968. Ornithological Gazetteers of the Neotropics: Bolivia (with M. A. Traylor, Jr. and B. Winter) 1975, Ecuador (with M. A. Traylor, Jr.) 1977, Par- aguay (with A. Caperton) 1977, Colombia (with M. A. Traylor, Jr.) 1981, Uruguay (with D. M. Rand) 1981, Venezuela 1982, Argentina 1985; The Dictionary of Amer- wan Bird Names, 1985 (revision of E. A. Choate, 1973); many papers on orni- thology. HAROLD PAYSON, III Born: Portsmouth, Virginia, 31 March 1940. Elected: 1976. Education: Har- vard Univ., A.B.(mathematics), 1961; Fletcher School (Tufts Univ.), M.A., 1967, M.A.L.D., 1968, Ph.D., 1975. Vocation: teacher of economics, Fletcher School, 1972-75, Bowdoin College, 1976—79, Colby College, 1979-83; senior planner, state planning office, Augusta, Maine, 1983— . Member: Amer. Economics Assn., MBO, MAS. Publications: several articles on economics, one on birds. Ran birdbanding station in Middlesex Fells as part of bird migration course at Tufts Univ. JAMES BISHOP PEABODY Born: New York, New York, 13 September 1922. Died: 22 March 1977. Elected: 1971. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1945, LL.B., 1950; Univ. Paris, Doctorat, 1959. Vocation: secretary, Mus. Fine Arts, Boston. Member: Colonial Soc. Mass. (councillor). Publications: editor, Holmes-Einstein Letters, 1964, edi- tor, John Adams: a Life in His Own Words, 1973, several articles on Middle East. WAYNE REED PETERSEN Born: Springfield, Illinois, 9 August 1944. Elected: 1966 (councillor, 1969— 72, 1979-81; vice president, 1973-75; president, 1975—78). Education: Univ. Mass.(Boston), B.A., 1970; Bridgewater State College, M.A.T.(biology), 1977. 135 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Vocation: teacher (life science), Hanover school system, Hanover, Mass; Han- over Teachers Assn., executive board, 1982—83; South Shore Nat. Sci. Center, camp director 1973-83, Education Comm., 1985— . Member: NEBBA (coun- cillor, 1980-84), Plymouth County Wildlands Trust (director, 1977—83), AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., ABA (elective member, 1985), Hawk Migration Assn. N. Amer., Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club, SSBC (president, 1977-78), MBO. Publications: editorial board BOEM, over 50 publications on ornithology, New England Christmas bird count; editor, American Birds; 44 spe- cies accounts in The Audubon Society Master Guide to Birding, 1983; contributor to Mass. breeding bird atlas project. Co-principal investigator on Earthwatch Expedition to Belize, 1983; banded shorebirds with Canadian Wildlife Service in James Bay, 1981; regular lecturer and teacher of courses and ornithological workshops, including Institute for Field Ornithology (Univ. Maine at Machias) and BOEM; tour leader for Aud. Soc. Rhode Is., Field Guides Inc., Four Points Nature Tours, and BOEM; bird- related travels include most of U.S., arctic and subarctic Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Belize, Peru; tour leader for MAS, Aud. Soc. Rhode Is., and private groups. Research interests include distributional ornithology, mi- gratory patterns of Mass. birds, the biology of waterbirds, raptors, and marine mammals. ROGER TORY PETERSON Born: Jamestown, New York, 28 August 1908. Elected: 1933. Education: National Acad. Design, 1929-31; honorary doctorates: Franklin and Marshall College, 1952, Ohio State Univ., 1962, Fairfield Univ., 1967, Allegheny College, 1967, Wesleyan Univ., 1970, Colby College, 1974, Hamilton College, 1976, Am- herst College, 1977, Gustavus Adolphus College, 1978, Skidmore College, 1981, Univ. Hartford, 1981, Univ. Bloomsburg, 1985, Connecticut College, 1985, State Univ. New York, 1986, Middlebury College, 1986, Yale Univ., 1986. Vocation: ornithologist, writer, painter, lecturer, wildlife photographer; teacher, sci. and art, Rivers School, Brookline, Mass., 1931—34; education director, NAS, 1934— 43; art editor, Natl. Wildlife Federation, 1951—__ ; self-employed as bird artist. Member: AOU (fellow, 1948; councillor, 1954-57, 1960-63; vice president, 1961-63), NAS (secretary, 1960—64), AAAS (fellow), Wilson Ornith. Soc. (pres- ident, 1964-66), Amer. Nature Study Soc. (president), Linn. Soc. New York (fellow), honorary vice president, MAS, NJ Aud. Soc., Rhode Is. Aud. Soc., and Aud. Soc. Dist. Columbia; officer or councillor of some 20 organizations. Awards: John Burroughs Medal, 1950; Brewster Memorial Medal, AOU, 1944; Gold Medal, Geoffrey St. Hilaire, French Nat. Hist. Soc., Paris, 1958; Arthur A. Al- len Award, Cornell Univ., 1967; White Memorial Foundation Conservation Award, 1968; Gold Medal, Safari Club, Philadelphia, 1968; Paul Bartsch Award, Aud. Naturalist Soc., 1969; Frances Hutchinson Award, Garden Club Amer.. 1970; Gold Medal, New Jersey Garden Club, 1970; Audubon Medal, NAS, 1971: Gold Medal, World Wildlife Fund, 1972; Joseph Wood Krutch Medal, Humane Soc., 1973; Distinguished Public Service Award, Conn. Bar Assn., 1974: Con- servation Achievement Award, Natl. Wildlife Fed., 1975; Linn. Gold Medal. 136 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Swedish Acad. Sci., 1976; Green World Award, New York Botanical Garden, 1976; Cosmos Club Award, 1976; Horatio Alger Award, 1977; Swedish-Amer- ican of the Year, 1977; Gold Medal, Holland Soc. New York, 1979: Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1980; Ludlow Griscom Award, ABA, 1980; Gold Medal, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1980; Bradford Washburn Award, Boston Mus. Sci., 1981; Distinguished Service Award, Fredonia, New York, 1982; Great Swedish Heritage Award, 1982, Eugene Eisemann Medal, Linn. Soc. New York, 1986. Publications: Field Guide to the Birds, 1934 (1980), Field Guide to Western Birds, 1941, chapters I-VII in Audubon Guide to Attracting Birds, 1941, Birds Over America, 1948, How to Know the Birds, 1949, Wildlife in Color, 1951, Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe (with G. Mountfort and P.A.D. Hollom), 1954, Wild America (with J. Fisher), 1955, Bird Watcher's Anthology, 1957, Field Guide to the Birds of Texas, 1960, The Birds, 1963, World of Birds (with J. Fisher), 1964, Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-central North America (with M. Mckenny), 1968, A Field Guide to Mexican Birds (with E. L. Chalif), 1973, Pen- guins, 1979, Audubon’s Birds of America (with V. M. Peterson), 1981; editor, Field Guide series, 1946—_ ; editor, American Naturalist series, 1965—__ ; illustrator of many bird books; numerous papers on birds. OLIN SEWALL PETTINGILL, JR. Born: Belgrade, Maine, 30 October 1907. Elected: 1935, resigned 1975. Ed- ucation: Bowdoin College, A.B., 1930; Cornell Univ., Ph.D., 1933; honorary doctorates: Bowdoin College, 1956, Colby College, 1979, Univ. Maine, 1982. Vocation: ornithologist, author, lecturer, wildlife photographer; associate pro- fessor zoology, Carlton College, 1946—53; professor ornithology, summer ses- sion, Univ. Michigan Biological Station, 1938-74; research associate, Cran- brook Institute Sci., 1940—45; director, Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell Univ., 1960-73. Member: AOU (fellow, 1947; secretary, 1946-51; councillor, 1946— 54, 1957-64), Wilson Ornith. Soc. (secretary, 1937—41; vice president, 1942— 47; president, 1948-50), NAS (director, 1955—56; secretary, 1957-59, 1963— 66), Maine Aud. Soc. (president, 1959-60), MAS (honorary vice president, 1956— 68), ASNH (honorary vice president, 1967—__), Nebraska Ornith. Union (hon- orary member, 1952— ), S. Dakota Ornith. Union (honorary member, 1963— ). Awards: Ludlow Griscom Award, ABA, 1982; Eugene Eisenmann Medal, Linn. Soc. New York, 1985. Publications: American Woodcock, 1936, Lab- oratory and Field Manual of Ornithology, 1939, Guide to Bird Finding East of the Mississippi, 1951 (1977), Guide to Bird Finding West of the Mississippi, 1953 (1981), Enjoying Birds in Upstate New York (with S. Hoyt), 1963, Bird Watcher's America (editor), 1965, Birds of the Black Hills (with N. R. Whitney, Jr.), 1965, Enjoying Birds Around New York City (with R. Arbib and S. H. Spofford), 1966, Aud. Il- lustrated Handbook of Amer. Birds editor-in-chief, 1968, Ornithology in Laboratory and Field, 1970 (1985), Another Penguin Summer, 1975, Enjoying Maine Birds ed- itor, 1960, 1985; editor, sections on birds in Biological Abstracts, 1942—53; re- view editor, Wilson Bulletin, 1959-69; contributing editor, Aud. Magazine, 1962— 72; advisory editor, Aud. Field Notes, 1962—_ ; editor, Living Bird, 1962-64; 137 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES author-photographer for 12 motion pictures on birds; over 80 articles in the field of ornithology. HUSTACE HUBBARD POOR Born: Yonkers, New York, 9 November 1914. Elected: 1934, resigned 1939, reelected 1981. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.(physics), 1936, M.S.(mechanical engineering), 1938. Vocation: power engineering, Babcock and Wilcox Co., vice president research and development division. Member: Amer. Soc. Mechanical Engineers (fellow), AOU (elective member, 1950), Virginia Chapter Nature Conservancy (treasurer, 1960—61), Ohio Chapter (vice chairman, treasurer, 1973-— 79), Lenn. Soc. New York (president, 1945-47), MAS (director, 1982—_ ; vice chairman, 1984— ), Trustees of Reservations (central regional committee, 1984— _), Conservation Commn. Princeton, Mass. (chairman, 1982—_ ). Pub- lications: associate editor, Bird-Banding, 1952; about 60 ornithological papers and reviews, a few popular natural history articles, monthly nature column in the Alliance Review (Ohio), 1977-79. KEVIN DAVID POWERS Born: Worcester, Mass., 16 August 1950. Elected: 1979. Education: Univ. Conn., B.A.(biology), 1972; Louisiana State Univ., M.S.(wildlife ecology), 1976. Vocation: Worcester Parks and Recreation Dept., head zookeeper, Barnyard Zoo, 1972-74; research assistant, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Research Station, 1974—76; biological technician, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Anchor- age, Alaska; senior biologist, MBO, 1977-83; senior software engineer, Digital Equipment Corp., 1983— . Member: AOU. Publications: more than a dozen papers on ornithology. Research interests: biogeography, food-chain dynamics in marine systems, conservation of cetaceans and seabirds. HERBERT WATSON PRATT Born: Chestnut Hill, MA, 22 May 1923. Elected: 1959 (trustee, 1968—__ ; vice president, 1972—73; president, 1973—75). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1946. Vocation: wholesale lumber business. Member: Mass. Forest Parks Assn. (treas- urer, 1961-65; president, 1965-79), N.E. Forestry Foundation (director, 1951— ; vice president, 1984— ), MAS (director, 1963—72), Mt. Auburn Cemetery (trustee), Prouts Neck (Maine) Aud. Soc. (president, 1969-80), Friends of MCZ (president, 1970—_ ). Have been on a number of natural history trips with the Friends of MCZ. EDWARD HOWARD RAYMOND Born: Boston, Mass., 14 May 1936. Elected: 1980 (councillor, 1984—__), Ed- ucation: Harvard Univ., A.B.(sociology), 1958. Vocation: vice president, Kid- der Peabody and Co., Boston. Member: MAS (director), Trustees of Reserva- tions (trustee), Slocum’s River Trust (president, 1980—85), MBO (trustee). 138 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Birdbanding trip to Belize, 1983; bird-related travel to western Mexico and Arizona; banded shorebirds at rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1984. PARKER CROSBY REED Born: Meriden, Conn., 10 June 1901. Died: 7 January 1981. Elected: 1948 (councillor, 1955-60). Education: MIT, Class 1925. Vocation: consulting ma- terials engineer in electronic microwave field (retired 1966). Birdbander. TUDOR RICHARDS Born: Groton, Mass., 16 February 1915. Elected: 1935, resigned 1939, re- elected 1966 (councillor, 1968—73). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1938; Univ. Mich., B.S.(forestry), 1941, M.W.M.(wildlife management), 1952. Vocation: forester, U.S. Forest Service, 1946-47; wildlife biologist, New Hamp. Fish Game Dept., 1948-51; forester, St. Paul’s School, Concord, New Hamp., 1952-54; county forester, Cheshire County, New Hamp., 1954-65; executive director, Beaver Brook Assn., Hollis, New Hamp., 1965—68; executive director, ASNH, 1968-82. Member: ASNH (president, 1953-68). Publications: chapter on northern New Hamp. in Bird Watcher’s America (Pettingill), 1965; “A List of the Birds of New Hamp.”, 1958; numerous articles on birds, natural history, and conservation; currently working on a publication on birds of White Mountains region and breeding bird atlas project in New Hamp. Led ASNH tours to Trinidad and Tobago, 1983, 1986, Costa Rica, 1984, and Florida, 1984—85; led many bird trips in New Hamp. including trip to Lake Umbagog, 1971 to “celebrate” the 100th anniversary of Brewster’s first trip there. SIDNEY DILLON RIPLEY Born: New York, New York, 20 September 1913. Elected: 1941. Education: Yale Univ., B.A., 1936, M.A. (honorary), 1961; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1943; honorary doctorates: Marlboro College, 1965, Hofstra Univ., 1968, Catholic Univ., 1968, Univ. Maryland, 1970, Williams College, 1972, Cambridge Univ., 1974, Yale Univ., 1975, Brown Univ., 1975, Stevens Inst. Tech., 1977, Trinity College, 1977, Gallaudet College, 1981, Harvard Univ., 1984. Vocation: fac- ulty, Yale Univ., 1946—64, professor biology, 1961—64, curator, Peabody Mu- seum Nat. Hist., 1952—59, director, 1959-64; eighth Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 1964—83. Member: New York Zoological Soc. (fellow, 1947), AOU (fellow, 1951; councillor, 1961-64), Amer. Assn. Mus. (vice president, 1962), Intern. Wild Waterfowl Assn. (vice president), Zool. Soc. India (fellow), AAAS (fellow), Nat. Acad. Sci., Soc. Study Evolution (fellow), Assoc. Ornitol. del Plata (honorary member). Awards: Gold Medal, New York Zoological Soc., 1965; Gold Medal, Royal Zoological Soc., Antwerp, 1971; Medal for Distinguished Achievement, Holland Soc. New York, 1977; F.K. Hutchinson Medal, Garden Club Amer., 1979; Delacour Medal, ICBP, 1982; Henry Shaw Medal, Missouri 139 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Botanical Garden, 1982; Medal of Freedom, 1985. Publications: Trail of the Money Bird, 1942, Search for the Spiny Babbler, 1952, A Paddling of Ducks, 1957, Ornithological Books in the Yale Univ. Library (with L. L. Scribner), 1961, Synopsis of the Birds of India and Pakistan, 1961, Land and Wildlife of Tropical Asia (with editors of Life), 1964, Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan (with S. Al), 10 volumes, 1968-72, The Sacred Grove, 1969, families Prunellidae and Tur- dinae in Checklist of Birds of the World, Vol. X, 1964, The Paradox of the Human Condition, 1975, Rails of the World, 1977, over 300 papers in the field of orni- thology. CHANDLER ROBBINS, JR. Born: Boston, Mass., 30 March 1910. Elected: 1934. Education: Harvard Univ., Class of 1932. Vocation: real estate broker, Biddeford Pool, Maine. Member: AOU, ABA, NAS, York County (Maine) Aud. Soc., Maine Aud. Soc. Publications: a few notes on birds. HANSON CORNING ROBBINS Born: Lewiston, Maine, 24 April 1937. Elected: 1981. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.(history), 1959; Columbia Univ., M.B.A.(finance), 1964. Vocation: senior investment officer, New England Life Insurance Co. Member: MAS, NAS, MBO. Publications: one paper on blue jays. WILLIAM CONOR RUSSELL Born: Mt. Kisco, New York, 28 January 1941. Elected: 1982, resigned 1986. Education: Univ. Penna., B.A., 1963; Univ. Mich., M.R.P.(regional planning), 1971. Vocation: president, Wings, Inc., a birdwatching tour company. Publi- cations: articles on bird identification. DOUGLAS BERNARD SANDS Born: Rochester, New York, 8 August 1915. Elected: 1945. Education: Bos- ton Univ., B.S., 1948, A.M., 1950. Vocation: teacher (general science and bi- ology), Wellesley Middle School, Wellesley, Mass., 1951— ; nature director, Salvation Army Camp, Sharon, Mass (30 years); science book reviewer for Ap- praisal: Science Books for Young People (Boston Univ.). Member: Hopkinton Library (trustee), 1981— . Awards: Elizabeth Thompson Award, as an out- standing teacher, Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., 1957; Conservation Teacher of the Year, MAS, 1983; National Conservation Committee Certificate, Natl. Soc. D.A.R.. 1986. Publications: nature articles in local newspapers. WILLIAM COLEMAN SATTERFIELD Born: Lexington, Kentucky, 23 November 1942. Elected: 1976. Education: Florida State Univ., B.S.(zoology), 1965; Auburn Univ., D.Vet.Med., 1969. Vo- cation: director of biomedicine and resident veterinarian, Boston Zoological 140 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Soc., 1971-82; adjunct professor of comparative med. and wildlife med., Tufts Univ. Veterinary School; wildlife management consultant to commonwealth of Mass.; management and care consultant to MAS, Mus. Sci., and N.E. Aquar- lum; assistant professor of veterinary medicine and surgery, Univ. Texas Sys- tem Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas. Member: Amer. Assn. Zoo Veterinarians (president), Amer. Acad. Zoo Veterinarians. Publications: numerous profes- sional papers on wildlife medicine and surgery, chapter on falconry in The Bird Watcher's Companion (C. Leahy), 1982, two chapters in Recent Advances in Raptor Medicine—London Symposium, 1979, chapter in THF’s Book of Parrots on lapa- roscopy and sexing. Three summers in Greenland with Greenland Peregrine Falcon Survey, three years on Gulf Coast with peregrine recovery team, consultant to Peregrine Fund East and Cornell Univ. in medicine and captive reproduction. OLIVER KENNARD SCOTT Born: Boston, Mass., 3 September 1914. Elected: 1934. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1937, M.D., 1941, diplomate american board of pediatrics, 1950. Vocation: founded Casper Clinic, 1950; physician (retired 1973); president, Bates Creek Cattle Co. and Eagle Ridge Ranch Co.; state board of health, 1963-68. Member: Wyoming Aud. Soc. (founder and first president). Awards: Wyoming Wildlife Society “Citizen of the Year” Award, 1983. Publications: regional ed- itor, Aud. Field Notes, 1952—71, “Check-list of Wyoming Birds,” medical articles, one bird paper (with S. Fitton). Gave conservation easement of 8150 acres to the Nature Conservancy in 1980 to preserve the largest Bald Eagle winter roost in Wyoming. JAMES OTIS SEAMANS Born: Salem, Mass., 7 October 1918. Elected: 1964 (secretary, 1965—69). Ed- ucation: U.S. Naval Acad., B.S., 1942. Vocation: missle systems manager. Mem- ber: NEBBA (vice president, 1967—70; president, 1973—78), Amer. Inst. Aer- onautics Astronautics (associate fellow, chapter treasurer, and president), Amer. Ordnance Assn. (chapter director, 1962-72), IEEE, NAS, Maricopa Aud. Soc., MBO, PRBO. Publications: over 100 articles on missiles, two on ornithology. JOHN ALDEN SHETTERLY Born: Fairfield, Ohio, 17 October 1944. Elected: 1975 (secretary, 1980-81; vice president, 1981-84; president, 1984—_ ). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.(english), 1966, J.D., 1973. Vocation: attorney, EG&G, Inc., Wellesley, Mass. Member: Cambridge Entomological Club (secretary, 1975-76; vice president 1976—77; president, 1977—78). Bird-related travel in all 48 contiguous United States, East Africa, India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Soviet Union, southeast Asia, Spain, Great Britain, Mexico, Pan- ama, West Indies, and Sudan; entomological interests focus on tiger beetles. 141 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ROBERT WILLIAM SMART Born: Amherst, Mass., | August 1929. Died: 3 February 1979. Elected: 1952. Education: Amherst College, A.B., 1950; Harvard Univ., M.A., 1951. Voca- tion: teacher of chemistry, New Hampton School, 1955-62, 1964—72; Sir Sam- uel Baker School, Uganda, 1962-64; Milbrook School, 1972-1979. Member: ASNH (director, 1965-67; 2nd vice president, 1967—68; president, 1968-72), ABA (2nd vice president, 1971—75, Ist vice president, 1975-79). PAUL WILLIAM SMITH Born: Englewood, New Jersey, 19 September 1938. Elected: 1984. Educa- tion: Columbia College, B.A.(economics), 1962. Vocation: vice president, elec- tronic data processing, Scudder, Stevens and Clark (retired). Member: MBO (research associate, 1982— _), Urner Ornith. Club, Linn. Soc. New York, Scot- tish Ornith. Club, Royal Naval Bird Watching Soc., ABA, Florida Ornith. Soc., AOU, NEBBA. Publications: compiler, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, Christmas count, 1975-80; regional editor, Records of New Jersey Birds, 1972-80; regional editor, American Birds, 1978-79; about 20 birdfinding articles, 10 field notes, and several notes on bird behavior. Interested primarily in avian distribution, vagrants. WILLIAM JOHN SMITH Born: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 20 December 1934. Elected: 1960, mem- bership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Carleton Univ., B.Sc., 1957; Michigan State Univ., M.Sc., 1958; Harvard Univ., Ph.D., 1961. Vocation: research as- sociate, MCZ, 1961—64; associate professor biology, Univ. Penna.; honorary re- search associate, Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., 1966— . Publications: Communications and Relationships in the Genus Tyrannus, 1966, various papers on ornithology. DOROTHY EASTMAN SNYDER Born: Chicago, Illinois, 15 July 1894. Died: 14 November 1984. Elected: 1974. Education: Oberlin College, summer session in botany; studied at Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vocation: teacher (natural history), public schools; curator, nat. hist., Peabody Mus., Salem, Mass., 1950-69. Member: Wilson Ornith. Soc., AOU. Publications: The Birds of Mass. (with L. Griscom), 1955, The Birds of Guyana, 1966, edited The Flora of Essex County (S. K. Harris), numerous papers on or- nithology. Bird-related travel to Mexico, Panama, Trinidad, Guyana, and British Isles. BRUCE ALEXANDER SORRIE Born: Lawrence, Mass., 11 July 1944. Elected: 1973. Education: Cornell Univ., B.S.(vertebrate zoology), 1967. Vocation: U.S. Navy, 1967—71; staff biologist, MBO, 1972-75; banding biologist, PRBO, 1976-79; program botanist, Mass. 142 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Natural Heritage Program, 1979— _. Member: SSBC. Publications: more than 20 papers on botany and ornithology, which include an assessment of the cur- rent status of rare plants in Mass. Field work in Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, and Peru on ecology and distri- bution of birds; tour leader NAS to Puerto Rico, Yucatan, Guatamala, Trinidad and ‘Tobago, Ecuador and Galapagos, and Peru, for MAS to St. Lucia and Dominica; research interests focus on conservation of flora and fauna by iden- tification of prime ecological areas; preparing a flora of Mass. documenting the occurence of over 1,800 species. RICHARD STACKPOLE Born: Mattapoisett, Mass., 8 September 1911. Elected: 1936 (councillor, 1955— 58; treasurer, 1958—59). Education: Harvard Univ., Class of 1934. Vocation: insurance, patent law, Boston (retired 1957). Member: Sudbury Valley Trustees (founder, 1953; president, 1953-55). Publications: a few papers on ornithol- ogy. Co-collector (with W. H. Drury, Jr. and A. H. Morgan) of first Cattle Egret in N. Amer. JOHN WALTER STEWART Born: Nashville, Tenn., 11 July 1919. Elected: 1953, resigned 1975. Edu- cation: Vanderbilt Univ., B.A. Vocation: engineer, 1944—72; curator, Mus. and Geology Dept., Boston Univ. Member: Soc. Plastics Engineers (president, 1965). DONALD WOODRUFF STOKES Born: Philadelphia, Penna., 21 February 1947. Elected: 1986. Education: Swarthmore College, B.A.(comparative religions), 1969. Vocation: author, nat- uralist, educator. Member: AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc., Hawk Migration Assn. North America. Publications: A Guide to Nature in Win- ter, 1976, A Guide to Observing Insect Lives, 1983, A Guide to Bird Behavior, Vol. 1, 1979, The Natural History of Wild Shrubs and Vines, 1981; co-author with Lillian Stokes: A Guide to Bird Behavior, Vol. 2, 1983, A Guide to Enjoying Wildflowers, 1984, A Guide to Animal Tracking and Behavior, in press; coauthor with Lillian Stokes of “Behavior Watcher’s Notebook,” in Bird Watcher’s Digest, and a column in Living Bird Quarterly. Has taught about bird behavior throughout eastern United States. LILLIAN QUINN STOKES Born: Jersey City, New Jersey, 30 April 1944. Elected: 1986. Education: Univ. Conn., B.A.(psychology), 1966; Boston Univ., M.S.(psychiatric social work), 1971. Vocation: author, naturalist, educator. Member: AOU, Cooper Ornith. Soc., Hawk Migration Assn. North America. Publications: coauthor with Donald Stokes: A Guide to Bird Behavior, Vol. 2, 1983, A Guide to Enjoying Wildflowers, 1984, A Guide to Animal Tracking and Behavior, in press; coauthor with Donald 143 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Stokes of “Behavior Watcher’s Notebook,” in Bird Watcher's Digest, and a column in Living Bird Quarterly; numerous newspaper articles on natural history. Has taught seminars on bird behavior and other natural history subjects to many organizations in the eastern and midwestern United States. JOHN HUMPHREYS STORER Born: Marietta, Georgia, 21 May 1888. Died: 5 June 1976. Elected: 1938, resigned 1974. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1911. Vocation: farmer, Gro- ton, Mass., 1912—35: conservation work, 1938—1976; lecturer, Audubon Screen Tours, 1941—46; film producer, 1947—56; president, Florida Aud. Soc., 1949— 62. Member: MAS (honorary vice president, 1941-68). Awards: Medal, Mass. Dept. Agriculture, 1927; Hutchinson Medal, Garden Club Amer., 1960; Black- man Medal, Rollins College, 1962. Publications: The Flight of Birds, 1948, The Web of Life, 1953, Man in the Web of Life, 1968, papers on birds and conservation. PETER HOUSTON STOWE Born: Boston, Mass., 16 July 1943. Elected: 1975. Education: Nichols Col- lege, B.B.A., 1965; Univ. Mass(Amherst), graduate work in wildlife biology. Vocation: U.S. Coast Guard; 3 summers ranger/naturalist, Acadia Natl. Park, Maine; assistant director education, Boston Mus. Sci.; curator education, Bos- ton Zoological Soc.; assistant headmaster (acting headmaster, | year), The Fenn School, Concord, Mass. Member: MAS, Natl. Wildlife Fed., NAS, Amer. Assn. Zool. Parks and Aquariums, Friends MCZ. Birdbanding three years. ROBERT HUGH STYMEIST Born: Cambridge, Mass., 2 April 1948. Elected: 1977 (treasurer, 1981—_ ). Education: Bentley College, 1970—72. Vocation: accountant, United Parcel Service. Member: BBC (director, 1972—__; president 1985— _), BOEM (foun- der, president 1976—84), MAS, ABA, NEBBA, Cornell Lab. Ornith. Publica- tions: editor, Where to Find Birds in Eastern Mass. (with L. J. Robinson), 1978, field records editor, BOEM, 1973-86, over 15 articles on birds. Organizer of Greater Boston Christmas bird count; birdbanding, Nantucket, 1981-85; bird-related travel to Europe, Tanzania, Panama, Peru, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands. HERMAN ROYDEN SWEET Born: Attleboro, Mass., 3 November 1909. Elected: 1950. Education: Bow- doin, A.B., 1931; Harvard Univ., A.M., 1934, Ph.D., 1940. Vocation: professor biology, Tufts, 1954— _; research associate, Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Harvard Univ., 1965-75, honorary curator, 1975— . Member: Mass. Orchid Soc. (secretary-treasurer, 1952—58; president, 1958-60, 1964—65), Eastern Or- chid Congress (director), Amer. Orchid Soc. (honorary vice president, 1964; 144 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES trustee, 1968-74; awards coordinator, 1961—66), International Orchid Commn., 1960—74 (secretary-treasurer, 1966—69), Linn. Soc. London (fellow), Explorer’s Club, New York. Awards: Gold Medal, Mass. Orchid Soc., 1967. Publications: associate editor, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bulletin, 1954—61; Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Island (with L. A. Garay), 1974, “Orchidaceae” in (R. A. Howard) Flora of the Lesser Antilles (with L. A. Garay), 1974, The Genus Phalaenopsis, 1980, about 100 papers on orchids. LOVELL THOMPSON Born: Nahant, Mass., 8 September 1902. Died: 15 December 1986. Elected: 1920. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1925. Vocation: Houghton Mifflin Co. (retired 1968 as executive vice president); founded new publishing firm: Gam- bit Inc., managing director, 1968—84; director of Harvard Common Press/Gambit Inc. publishers, editor, Gambit publications, 1984—86. Publications: a few pa- pers on publishing. RICHARD TOUSEY Born: Somerville, Mass., 18 May 1908. Elected: 1934 (secretary, 1941). Ed- ucation: Tufts Univ., A.B., 1928, D.Sc. (honorary), 1961; Harvard Univ., A.M., 1929, Ph.D., 1933. Vocation: physicist, U.S. Naval Research Lab, 1941—__, head of rocket spectroscopy branch, Space Sciences Division, until 1978, consultant, 1978— . Member: Optical Soc. Amer. (fellow, director, 1953-57), Amer. Phys- ical Soc. (fellow), Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. (fellow), Amer. Geophysical Union (fel- low), Optical Soc. (president, natl. capital secretary, 1962—63), Amer. Astro- nomical Soc. (vice president, 1964-66), Natl. Acad. Sci., 1960, Washington Acad. Sci., AOU, Aud. Naturalists Soc. Middle Atlantic States (president, 1961—63), Maine Aud. Soc, MAS, NAS, Aud. Soc. York County, Maine. Awards: Meri- torious Civilian Service Award, U.S. Navy, 1945; E. O. Hulburt Award, U.S. Naval Research Lab., 1958; Progress Medal, Photographic Soc. Amer., 1959; Frederic Ives Medal, Optical Soc. Amer., 1960; Prix Ancel, Soc. Francaise Pho- tographie, 1962; Henry Draper Medal, Natl. Acad. Sci., 1963; U.S. Navy Award for Distinguished Achievement in Sci., 1963; Eddington Medal, Royal Astro- nomical Soc., 1964. Publications: Over 150 papers on astronomical physics. ARTHUR DONALD TROTTENBERG Born: Rochester, New York, 30 December 1917. Elected: 1965. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1948; Long Island Univ., LL.D.(honorary), 1979. Voca- tion: administrator; assistant dean, Harvard, 1954—68; administrative vice pres- ident, Radcliffe College, 1960—65; vice president, administration, Ford Foun- dation, 1968-79; director, Salzburg Seminar, Amer. Studies, 1964; associate dean, faculty of Arts Sciences, Harvard, 1979-82; consultant, 1982—__; trustee, Garland (Mass.) Junior College, Long Island Univ., Cold Spring Harbor Bio- logical -s , and Radcliffe College. Publications: A Vision of Paris, 1963. Bird-related travel to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. 145 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES LESLIE BLYTHE VAUGHAN Born: Woodstock, Vermont, 26 March 1907. Died: 5 May 1975. Elected: 1964. Education: Suffolk Law School, LL.B., 1932. Vocation: lawyer; trust of- ficer, Boston Safe Deposit and Trust Co., 1926—70. BBC (president). MARTHA WOODWARD VAUGHAN Born: Birmingham, Alabama, 31 May 1944. Elected: 1986. Education: Northwestern Univ., B.A.(government), 1966. Vocation: financial and account- ing consultant to several architectural, environmental engineering, and com- munity economic and housing development firms. Member: AOU, ABA, BBC, NEBBA, Western Field Ornithologists, MAS, NAS, Florida Aud. Soc., Cornell Lab. Ornith., International Crane Foundation, BOEM (program coordinator for pelagic trips, workshops and seminars; president, 1985—__). Publications: several articles on birds. Bird-related travel to Costa Rica, Peru, Attu, and extensively throughout United States. RICHARD REED VEIT Born: Evanston, Illinois, 2 June 1957. Elected: 1980. Education: Univ. Mass.(Boston), B.A.(biology), 1979, M.S.(biology), 1983; Univ. California (Ir- vine), Ph.D. candidate (ecology and evolutionary biology). Member: AOU, BOU, Ornith. Soc. New Zealand, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc. Publica- tions: more than dozen papers on identification and distribution of birds (pri- marily marine and shorebirds), a book on status and distribution of Mass. birds in preparation. Research interests are in distribution, ecology, and taxonomy of oceanic and N. Amer. birds; also passerine migration in relation to weather, and bird va- grancy; currently working on antarctic and sub-antarctic seabird distribution in relation to hydrographic fronts. PETER DOUGLAS VICKERY Born: Oxford, England, 18 November 1949. Elected: 1984. Education: Conn. College, B.A.(english literature), 1972; Univ. Maine(Orono), M.S.(wildlife bi- ology), in progress. Vocation: natural history tour leader, MAS, 1977— Member: AOU, ABA, Maine Aud. Soc., Nature Conservancy. Publications: re- gional editor, northeastern maritime region, American Birds, 1976—82; contrib- utor, Audubon Society Master Guide to Birding, 1983; Annotated Checklist of Maine Birds, 1978; about 20 articles on bird distribution, identification, and conser- vation. Has led bird tours within lower 48 states, Alaska, arctic Canada, Newfound- land, Mexico, Central America, and Europe. Currently studying breeding bird community on blueberry barrens with special attention to herbicide use. 146 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES STEPHEN ROBERT WACHMAN Born: New York, New York, 6 February 1951. Elected: 1977. Education: Univ. Maryland, B.S.(psychology), 1973; Antioch Grad. School Education, M.Ed.(science teaching), 1975. Vocation: director of education, Animal Rescue League of Boston, 1983-— Interested in environmental issues, natural history, photography, and wood- working, CHARLES FOLSOM WALCOTT Born: Cambridge, Mass., 14 May 1904. Elected: 1923 (councillor, 1941—44, 1946-51, 1958-63). Education: Harvard Univ., A.B. 1926, M.D., 1931. Vo- cation: physician, Cambridge, Mass, 1934—68 (retired). Publications: occa- sional papers on ornithology and archaeology. RICHARD KENDALL WALTON Born: Hartford, Conn, 12 May 1941. Elected: 1978. Education: Hobart Col- lege, B.A.(philosophy), 1964; Lesley College, M.Ed.(natural sciences), 1978. Vo- cation: teacher/writer; Concord public schools, 1970-85, nat. sci. curriculum development; nat. hist. courses given at MAS, Habitat, Lesley College, Great Meadows Natl. Wildlife Refuge, and various public schools. Publications: coau- thor, Henry David Thoreau—A Resource Guide, 1978; Birds of the Sudbury River Valley—An Historical Perspective, 1984; nat. hist. articles for American Birds, Sanc- tuary, and BOEM. Natural history-related travel throughout the lower 48 states; research inter- est is ornithological history. HENRY TAYLOR WIGGIN Born: Boston, Mass., 12 September 1922. Elected: 1959 (trustee, 1962— treasurer, 1971-76). Education: Harvard Univ., 1940—42; Bryant and Stratton, 1945. Vocation: Amoskeag Co. (investment company), 1945-79, treasurer, 1961— 79, vice president, 1969-78 (retired 1979). Member: town meeting member, Brookline, Mass, 1970— , Town Meeting Members Assn. (president, 1979— 81), Conservation Commissioner, 1966— , ABA, AOU, Wilson Ornith. Soc., Cooper Ornith. Soc. Publications: various short publications on birds. DAVID GEORGE WIGGINS Born: Dover, New Jersey, 2 October 1937. Elected: 1959, membership lapsed mid-1970s. Education: Colby College, B.A., 1962. Vocation: trust officer, Cam- bridge Trust Co., 1964—72. Member: MAS (associate director, 1973—79; di- rector, 1979—_ ). 147 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES PAUL RODNEY WILLIS Born: Evanston, Illinois, 20 July 1939. Elected: 1971. Education: special stu- dent, Edward Grey Institute, 1967; Marlboro College, B.S.(biology), 1971. Vo- cation: Amicon Corporation, scientific systems division, 1971-77; parks divi- sion director, Brookline, Mass, 1977— . Member: Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Mauritius Soc. Arts Sciences, Seychelles Soc., Royal Naval Bird Watching Soc. Publications: several articles on oceanic birds. Bird-related trip from Nova Scotia to Panama. Associate member, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. with interest in marine ornithology; has lectured on marine ornithology. PETER AHLBORN WILLMANN Born: Boston, Mass, 22 November 1922. Elected: 1967, membership lapsed 1973. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B., 1953; MIT, M.S., 1956. Vocation: mathematician, Lincoln Lab. (MIT); Puerto Rico, Nuclear Experimental Sta- tion, Arecibo. Publications: papers on mathematics. KENNETH PARK WINKLER Born: New York, New York, 25 October 1950. Elected: 1983. Education: Trinity College, B.A.(philosophy), 1971; Univ. Texas(Austin), Ph.D.(philosophy), 1977. Vocation: instructor, philosophy, State Univ. New York (Geneseo), 1975— 77; assistant professor, philosophy, Kalamazoo College, 1977—78; visiting lec- turer and assistant professor, philosophy, Univ. Calif (Los Angeles), summers 1978, 1980; Andrew W. Mellon faculty fellow, humanities, Harvard Univ., 1982— 83, lecturer in extension, 1983-85; assistant professor, philosophy, Wellesley College, 1978-85; associate professor and chair, 1985— . Member: Amer. Philosophical Assn., Phi Beta Kappa. Publications: editor, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (George Berkeley), 1982, Berkeley, an Interpre- tation, in press, articles and reviews in philosophy, articles on birds and/or bird- finding. Bird-related travel to Texas, California, Britain, and Ireland. KENNETH IRWIN WINSTON Born: Boston, Mass, 17 June 1940. Elected: 1979. Education: Harvard Univ., A.B.(philosophy), 1962; Columbia Univ., M.A., 1968, Ph.D.(philosophy), 1970. Vocation: professor, philosophy, Wheaton College. Member: Amer. Philosoph- ical Assn., Soc. Philosophy Public Affairs, Amer. Soc. Political Legal Philosophy, MAS, SSBC, Arizona—Sonora Desert Mus. Publications: editor, The Principles of Social Order: Selected Essays of Lon L. Fuller, 1981; author of about a dozen items on legal and political philosophy. Research interest is annual spring survey of Savin Hill. 148 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES SOHEIL ZENDEH Born: Tehran, Iran, 19 December 1943. Elected: 1981. Education: Harvard Univ., 1965-68. Vocation: owner, cooperative garage. Member: Take a Second Look (founder), Friends of Belle Isle Marsh (founder). Publications: editorial board, BOEM, and Belle Isle News. HAROLD ALEXANDER ZIMMERMAN Born: Boston, Mass, 14 December 1890. Died: 4 August 1980. Elected: 1947. Education: Bentley School of Accounting and Finance. Vocation: certified pub- lic accountant, Indiana, 1923, Mass., 1945 (retired 1968). Member: Indiana Aud. Soc. (secretary-treasurer, 1935-38) . Publications: notes on ornithology. 149 APPENDIX I LISTS OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OFFICERS OF THE CLUB* PRESIDENTS GLOVER MORRILL ALLEN JAMES. LEE PETERS LUDLOW GRISCOM CHARLES HENRY BLAKE CHARLES RUSSELL MASON ERNST MAYR WILLIAM HOLLAND DRURY, JR. RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR. OSCAR MITCHELL ROOT NORMAN PEIRCE HILL RICHARD THORN DARBY RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR. HERBERT WATSON PRATT WAYNE REED PETERSEN RICHARD ALAN FORSTER PA. BUCKLEY TREVOR LEWIS LLOYD-EVANS JOHN ALDEN SHETTERLY Oo NT Of OO Br OU DD OU NT DO OU NT OF DO VICE PRESIDENTS CHARLES WENDELL TOWNSEND ARTHUR CLEVELAND BENT FRANCIS HENRY ALLEN JAMES LEE PETERS JOSEPH ARCHIBALD HAGAR CHARLES HENRY BLAKE CHARLES RUSSELL MASON ERNST MAYR RICHARD JEFFERSON EATON RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR. RICHARD THOMAS KLEBER KIMBALL CONRO ELKINS NO COUNT NS OTC NT PDO BH OD NI DO *For list of earlier officers see Batchelder’s History, 1937. 151 1919-14 1942-19 1952-— 7 1953— 1955— 1957— 1959— 1960— 1963-— 1966— 1969— 1972—- 1973-— 1975— 1978— 1979— 1981— 1984— Oo NT Oo Br OOo BR OTD OU NT DO OF 1912-— 1925- 1926— 1939— 1942— 1950— 1953— 1955— 1957- 1959— 1960— 1963— oO ~I 7TH DO 5 3 Oo Otho Ouny tr Feb. Apr. Dec, Dec; Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dee Dee Dec. Dee Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec: Dec. Mar. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dee DEG, Dec. Dec. Dec. 1942 1952 1953 1955 1957 1959 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1973 1975 1978 1979 198] 1984 1925 1926 1939 1942 1950 1953 1955 1957 1959 1960 1963 1966 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS LORING CONANT JAMES OTIS SEAMANS HERBERT WATSON PRATT WAYNE REED PETERSEN RICHARD ALAN FORSTER Pow BUGKEERY TREVOR LEWIS LLOYD-EVANS JOHN ALDEN SHEA WERICY KATHLEEN SHAW ANDERSON SECRETARIES WARREN FRANCIS EATON AMES ERE PEERS JOHN HOUGHTON CONKEY WENDELL TABER DAVID LLOYD GARRISON RICHARD TOUSEY CHARLES HENRY BLAKE NORMAN PEIRCE HILL CHARLES HENRY BLAKE WENDELL TABER WILLIAM HOLLAND DRURY, JR. STUART KIMBALL HARRIS RICHARD THORN DARBY JAMES OTIS SEAMANS LORING CONANT ROBERT PAYNE FOX RICHARD ALAN FORSTER RICHARD THORN DARBY baa BUGKEEY KATHLEEN SHAW ANDERSON EDWARD STANLEY GRUSON JOEEN MEDEIN GSE RIDY JOHN CHARLES KRICHER BRIAN ELLIOTT THEODORE CASSIE WILLIAM EDWIN DAVIS, JR. TREASURERS CHARLES FOSTER BATCHELDER LUDLOW GRISCOM DONALD CHILD ALEXANDER CHARLES RUSSELL MASON ALLEN HUNGERFORD MORGAN Co NT Oo BR OO he Or — — no Co NT EP BN DS C9 DE OD NSN OF O09 RH DN NB OF OT BR Dec. Dee Dec. Dec |Oxe¥e, Dec Dec Dec. Dec, Dec Dee Dec. Oct Dec. Mar. June Mar. Oct. Dec. Dec. Dee, Dec. Dee Dec. Dec. Dec Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Jan. Dee WEG: DEG. Dec. Dec. Des; Deg Dec. 1966— 1969- 1972— 1973—- 1975— 1978— 1979— 1981— 1984— Go = Go pS a Go pS a 1919— 4 1922-— 5 1932-15 1934— 4 1939-17 1941-— 2 1941-2] 1944— | 1945— 1947— 1952- 1955— 1959— 1965— 1969— 1971— 1973— 1974— 1975— 1977— 1978— 1980— 1981— 1984— 1985— no Of ST Be BR NTR DD O89 MD RH OD NT OU OO 1880— 1930— 1940— 1942— 1952- me OF ST NOR Deg Dee. Oct. Dec. Mar. June Feb. Oct DEG Dee DEG. Dec. Dec. Dec. DEG: Dee Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Jan. Dee DEG De Dec Dec Dec. Dec. Dec. 1969 WOT 2 1972 175 1978 1979 1981 1984 1OZZ 1982 1934 1939 IES aeil 1941 1944 1945 1947 1952 1955 1959 1965 1969 LOT LOTS 1974 1975 1977 1978 1980 198] 1984 1985 1930 1940 1942 [952 1958 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS RICHARD STACKPOLE BENNETT RAYMOND KEENAN HENRY TAYLOR WIGGIN HENRY HARRINGTON CUTLER ROBERT HUGH STYMEIST COUNCILLORS WALTER DEANE OUTRAM BANGS FRANCIS HENRY ALLEN WILLIAM AUGUSTUS JEFFRIES CHARLES FRANCIS JENNEY ARTHUR CLEVELAND BENT ROBERT WALCOTT ARTHUR CLEVELAND BENT LUDLOW GRISCOM CHARLES WENDELL TOWNSEND FRANCIS BEACH WHITE SHEPARD GILBERT EMILIO JAMES LEE PETERS WINSOR MARRETT TYLER FRANCIS HENRY ALLEN FREDERICK ALBERT SAUNDERS LAURENCE BROWN FLETCHER LUDLOW GRISCOM JOSEPH ARCHIBALD HAGAR CHARLES FOLSOM WALCOTT WENDELL TABER RICHARD JEFFERSON EATON LAWRENCE BOYLSTON CHAPMAN MORTON EVERETT CUMMINGS WINSOR MARRETT TYLER FRANCIS NOYES BALCH DAVID LLOYD GARRISON CHARLES FOLSOM WALCOTT HERBERT ERNEST MAYNARD RICHARD JEFFERSON EATON ROSARIO MAZZEO JOSEPH ARCHIBALD HAGAR ARTHUR WILLIAM ARGUE JAMES COWAN GREENWAY, JR. STUART KIMBALL HARRIS ERNST MAYR RICHARD STACKPOLE 153 1 Dec. 7 Dec. 6 Dec. 6 Dec. 7 DEG 5 Dec. 4 Dec. 2’ Dec: I+ Dee. Dec. 3 Dec, 7 Dec. 6 Dec. 2 Dec. InDec Il 1Dyexe 7 Dec. 5) |DXere. 7 Jan. 4 Dec. 4 Dec. 2 Wee: 2 Dec. l Dec. Dec 2 Mar. 7 Dec. 6 Dec. 6 Dec. 6 Dec. 4 Dec. 3 Dec: 2 DEG: lIpWec 6 Dec. 5 Dec. 4 Dec. 3 Dec. oS) WEG, 7 Dec. 6 Dec. 5 Dec. 1958— 7 Dec. 1959-— 6 Dec. 1971— 6 Dec. 1976— 7 Dec. 1959 1971 1976 198] 198]— 1898-30 July 1930 1905-2 Dec. 1912-6 Dec. 1929 1926 1919-7 Jan. 1935 1919-29 Nov. 1923 1923-7 Dec. 1925—4 Dec. 1926—5 Dec. 1929-1 Dec. 1930-7 Dec. 1930-2 Dec. 1931—2 Dec. 1932—4 Dec. 1935-1 Dec. 1939-7 Dec. 1939—1 Dec. 1940-6 Dec. 1940—6 Dec. 1941—2 Mar. 1941-4 Dec. 1942-3 Dec. 1942-6 Dec. 1943-1 Dec. 1943-6 Dec. 1943-2 Dec. 1944-5 Dec. 1945—4 Dec. 1946-3 Dec. 1947-3 Dec. 1948-7 Dec. 1949-6 Dec. 1950—5 Dec. 1951-3 Dec. 1952-2 Dec. 1953—5 Dec. 1954—5 Dec. 1955-1 Dec. 1925 1939 1932 1930 193i 1940 1940 1939 1941 1942 194] 1943 1943 1942 1944 1945 1943 1947 1948 1946 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 55 1955 1958 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS RICHARD MAY HINCHMAN PARKER CROSBY REED OSCAR MITCHELL ROOT AARON MOORE BAGG CHARLES FOLSOM WALCOTT RICHARD JEFFERSON EATON WILLIAM HOLLAND DRURY, JR. OSBORNE EARLE HENRY HARRINGTON CUTLER RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR. WINTHROP WENDELL HARRINGTON, JR. ARTHUR WILLIAM ARGUE DAVID LLOYD GARRISON OSCAR MITCHELL ROOT TUDOR RICHARDS WAYNE REED PETERSEN NORMAN PEIRCE HILL WILLIAM WAYNE HANLEY RICHARD APTHORP FORSTER WINTHROP WENDELL HARRINGTON, JR. JOSEPH ARCHIBALD HAGAR PAUL STEVEN MILIOTIS SIBLEY HIGGINBOTHAM ROBERT PAYNE FOX KENNETH JEREMY HARTE HAMILTON COOLIDGE JOSEPH FRANCIS KENNEALLY, JR. KATHLEEN SHAW ANDERSON DAVID LLOYD GARRISON RUTH PRICE EMERY BRADFORD GUY BLODGET TREVOR LEWIS LLOYD-EVANS BRIAN AMORY HARRINGTON WAYNE REED PETERSEN DAVID LOWELL EMERSON JOSEPH FRANCIS KENNEALLY, JR. Ins 18), (Cn JeOLCINILE NY RALPH ANDREWS DENNIS JESSE ABBOTT, III WILLIAM EDWIN DAVIS, JR. BLAIR JAMES NIKULA RICHARD KENDALL WALTON HOWARD CHRISTIAN FLOYD EDWARD HOWARD RAYMOND BRIAN ELLIOTT THEODORE CASSIE ROBERT PAYNE FOX 154 Hae 5 Dec 3 Dec. 2 Dee I Dec; 7 Dec. bec 4 Dec. ae POG: 7 Dec. 6 Dec. by IDYeXe- Wee 2 Dec 7 Apr. 1 Dec. 7 Dec. 6 Dec. 6 Dec. 4 Dec. 4 Dec. 3) Dec: 7 Jan. 7 Jan. 2 Dec. Dawee 6 Dec. 6 Dec. 7 Dec. 7 Dec. 3 Jan. 4 Dec. 4 Dec. 1 Dec. Il \Dkee: 7 Dec. 7 Dec. 6 Dec. 6 Dec. 5 Dec: 5) Die 3 Dec. 3 Dec: 2 Dec: 2 Dec. 1955-7 Dec. 1955—5 Dec. 1956—4 Dec. 1957-3 Dec. 1958-2 Dec. 1959-7 Dec. 1960—6 Dec. 1961—5 Dec. 1962—4 Dec. 1963-2 Dec. 1964-1 Dec. 1965—7 Dec. 1966-6 Dec. 1967-11 Jan. 1968-3 Dec. 1969—4 Dec. 1969-3 Dec. 1970-6 Nov. 1971-2 Dec. 1971—2 Dec. 1972—1 Dec. 1972—1 Dec. 1973-6 Dec. 1974—6 Dec. 1974-2 Dec. 1974—7 Dec. 1974-7 Dec. 1976—7 Dec. 1976—3 Dec. 1977-1 Dec. W977—1 Dec. 1978-3 Dec. 1978-7 Dec. 1978-7 Dec. 1980+5 Dec. 1980—5 Dec. 1981—3 Dec. 1981-3 Dec. 1982—2 Dec. 1982-2 Dec. 1983— 1983— 1984— 1984— 1985— 1985— 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 O74 1969 1973 1972 LoVe US O73 1974 LOTS 1975 1976 1976 1974 1977 OWT 1977 1979 1980 1980 O79 1981 1981 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS TRUSTEES GEORGE CLEMENT DEANE 13 Dec. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS JEFFERIES 13 Dec. 3 Feb. HENRY SOUTHWORTH SHAW, JR. 13 Dec. ROBERT WALCOTT 19 Dec. HENRY MUNSON SPELMAN ID Apr. RICHARD JEFFERSON EATON 16 Dec. WILLIAM RODMAN PEABODY 4 Mar. ROGER ERNST 3 Mar. ALVA MORRISON 26 Aug. RALPH LAWSON 16 Dec. ELBRIDGE ALDEN MINARD 17 Dec. BENNETT RAYMOND KEENAN & \an. ARTHUR WILLIAM ARGUE 5 Mar. HENRY TAYLOR WIGGIN 5 Mar. HERBERT WATSON PRATT 8 Jan. HAMILTON COOLIDGE 4 Jan. EDITORS OF PUBLICATIONS JAMES COWAN GREENWAY, JR. OSCAR MITCHELL ROOT OSCAR MITCHELL ROOT AND RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR. RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR. AUDITOR DONALD CHILD ALEXANDER HONORARY MEMBERS JOEL A. ALLAN SPENCER F. BAIRD ARTHUR CLEVELAND BENT ELLIOT COUES WILLIAM H. DRURY DANIEL G. ELLIOT HENRY W. HENSHAW GEORGE N. LAWRENCE CHARLES J. MAYNARD ERNST MAYR 155 1920-14 Jan. 1930 1920-15 Apr. 1929; 1930—4 Mar. 1940 1920-19 Dec. 1927 1927-11 Nov. 1956 1929-16 Dec. 1940 1940-26 Aug. 1942 1940-12 Jan. 1941 1941-16 Dec. 1946 1943—5 Mar. 1962 1946—5 Mar. 1962 1956—4 Jan. 1960 1960-3 July 1979 1962-8 Jan. 1968 1962-— 1968— 1980— 1956-1957 1959-1965 1965-1966 1967— 1962- 1886 1878 1945 1878 1977 1878 1923 1878 1924 1975 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ROBERT RIDGWAY 1878 JOHN H. SAGE 1923 WITMER STONE Ss FOREIGN HONORARY MEMBERS JOSE V. BARBOZA DU BOCAGE 1878 JOHANN F. BRANDT 1878 JEAN CABANIS 1878 HENRY E. DRESSER 1878 OTTO FINSCH 1878 HENRY H. GIGLIOLI 1881 GUSTAV HARTLAUB 1878 ALLAN O. HUME 1878 ALFRED NEWTON 1878 AUGUST VON PELZELN 1878 JOHANNES T. REINHARDT 1878 TAMMASO SALVADORI 1878 PER Wey SGUATER 1878 R. BOWDLER SHARPE 1878 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS YEAR OF ELECTION CHARLES C. ABBOT 1875 GABRIEL S. AGERSBORG 1877 CHARLES E. AIKEN 1874 JOHN AKHURST 1876 CHARLES A. ALLEN 1876 RICHARD H. ALLEN 1876 MARIA R. AUDUBON 1879 GEORGE R. BACON 1876 HARRY B. BAILEY Wes SPENCER F. BAIRD 1876** HENRY M. BANNISTER 1887 WALTER B. BARROWS 1876 JOHN H. BARTHOLF 1876 CHARLES W. BECKHAM 1883 CHARLES E. BENDIRE 1875 CALEB W. BENNETT 1876 ARTHUR C. BENT 1890 *Previously a regular member. ** Honorary member. 156 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS DELAGNEL BERIER EUGENE P. BICKNELL EDWARD A. BIRGE LOUIS B. BISHOP GEORGE A. BOARDMAN GILMAN BROWN NATHAN C. BROWN FRANCIS C. BROWNE JOHN BURROUGHS CHARLES M. CARPENTER FRANK M. CARRYL MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN JOHN N. CLARK HENRY K. COALE WILLIAM W. COE ROBERT COLLETT JAMES G. COOPER WILLIAM A. COOPER CHARLES B. CORY ELLIOTT COUES ADOLPHE B. COVERT JOHN J. DALGLEISH WILLIAM H. DALL RUTHVEN DEANE NEWTON DEXTER CHARLES DURY CLARENCE H. EAGLE DAVID H. EATON DANIEL G. ELLIOT CHARLES H. FERNALD ALBERT K. FISHER EDMUND H. FITCH EDGAR T. FLINT WILLIAM W. FLINT EDWARD H. FORBUSH WILLIAM H. FOX WILLIAM G. FREEDLEY THOMAS G. GENTRY MORRIS GIBBS BENJAMIN F. GOSS NATHANIEL S. GOSS ARTHUR F. GRAY ROBERT GRAY GEORGE B. GRINNELL EDWARD HARRINGTON JAMES E. HARTING 157 1878 1878 1876 1899 1876 1875 1875 1876 1875 1878 1877 1881 1874 1878 1875 1876 1876 1875 IG0Oe IS76*2 1876 1876 1878 T912* 1878 1874 1878 L377 1878** 1878 1878 1878 1873 1897 1876 1876 1876 1876 1883 1876 1878 1876 1876 1877 1876 1877 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS JOHN A. HARVIE-BROWN PHILO L. HATCH FERDINAND V. HAYDEN RUFUS HAYMOND J. T. HEFTYE HENRY W. HENSHAW HAROLD HERRICK GEORGE N. HITCHCOCK GEORGE HOLTERHOFF, JR. RALPH HOFFMAN WALTER J. HOFFMAN JOHN S. HOWLAND PHILO R. HOY ERNEST INGERSOLL THOMAS H. JACKSON FREDERICK T. JENCKS JOHN W. P. JENKS HIRAM T. JONES DAVID S. JORDAN PIERRE L. JOUY ALFRED R. JUSTICE JEROME H. KIDDER JARED P. KIRTLAND AUGUST KOCH FREDERICK KUITHAN THURE L. T. KUMLIEN FRANK W. LANGDON GEORGE N. LAWRENCE NEWBOLD T. LAWRENCE JAMES LEMOINE CHARLES LINDEN JOHN C. MANN OTHNIEL C. MARSH MRS. M. A. MAXWELL CHARLES J. MAYNARD CHARLES A. H. MCCAULEY CHARLES E. MCCHESNEY THOMAS MCILWRAITH JOHN H. MCILVAIN ROBERT R. MCLEOD EDGAR A. MEARNS CLINTON H. MERRIAM JAMES C. MERRILL W. H. MILLS EDWARD S. MORSE [?] MOUSLEY 158 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS HENRY NEHRLING EDWARD W. NELSON RAYMOND L. NEWCOMB SAMUEL D. OSBORNE HERBERT PARKER WILBUR F. PARKER RICHARD F. PEARSALL CHARLES J. PENNOCK CHARLES H. PORTER DANIEL W. PRENTISS FRANK R. RATHBUN EDMOND RICKSECKER ROBERT RIDGWAY THOMAS S. ROBERTS JOHN H. SAGE HOWARD SAUNDERS GEORGE B. SENNETT EVERETT SMITH GREENE SMITH FRANCIS H. SNOW JONATHAN Y. STANTON WINFRED A. STEARNS FRANK STEPHENS WILLIAM STONE EDWARD B. TOWNE CHARLES W. TOWNSEND THEODORE M. TRIPPE SPENCER TROTTER WALTER VAN FLEET HENRY G. VENNOR ADDISON E. VERRILL JOSEPH M. WADE WILLIAM H. WERNER JOHN M. WHEATON RUFUS K. WINSLOW WILLIAM WOOD LEMUEL F. WOODWARD HENRY C. YARROW 1881 1876 1878 1879 1875 1875 1878 1878 1874 1878 1878 1879 13764 1876 1875 1876 1878 1878 1876 1876 1878 1876* 1876 1874 1876 1890* 1878 1877 1876 1877 1878 1880 1879 1876 1876 1876 1880* 1876 RESIDENT MEMBERS WITH DATES OF MEMBERSHIP DENNIS J. ABBOTT, III PETER C. ALDEN DONALD C. ALEXANDER CLARENCE E. ALLEN FRANCIS H. ALLEN uae 1976— 1970— 1938— 1915-1919; 1960-1974 1893-1953 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS GLOVER M. ALLEN JOEL A. ALLEN HARRISON C. ANDERSON KATHLEEN S. ANDERSON RALPH ANDREWS REED ANTHONY, JR. ARTHUR W. ARGUE MARGARET L. ARGUE DOROTHY ARVIDSON FRANCIS P. ATKINSON OLIVER L. AUSTIN, JR. HAROLD L. BABCOCK AARON M. BAGG HARRY B. BAILEY W. WALLACE BAILEY JAMES BAIRD JOHN H. BAKER FRANCIS N. BALCH ROGER N. BALDWIN EDWARD A. BANGS OUTRAM BANGS THOMAS BARBOUR ROBERT H. BARTH, JR. GEORGE A. BARTHOLOMEW, JR. JOSTAEY CS BARTER a CHARLES F. BATCHELDER ERNEST H. BAYNES JOHN EB EAU Err HENRY S. BENNETT JOHN H. BENNETT SARAH BENNETT FRANK BENSON ARTHUR. BEN T. EDWARD A. BERGSTROM ALBERT T. BIGELOW HENRY B. BIGELOW HOMER L. BIGELOW JOSEPH S. BIGELOW FRANCIS J. BIRTWELL CHARLES H. BLAKE HAROLD H. BLANCHARD BRADFORD G. BLODGET FRANK BOLLES RICHARD BORDEN CAMPBELL BOSSON HAROLD BOWDITCH 160 1898-1942 1876-1885 1967-— 1974— 1977— 1969— 1945- 1974— 1986— 1873-1874 1927- 1927-1953 1956-1971 1873-1877 1951— 1956— 1911-1973 1897-1903 1904-1915 1880-1907 1880—1932 1905-1946 1958-1967 1946-1949 1898-1901 1877-1954 1903-1925 1954-1974 1946-1949 1895-1919 1984— 1927-1951 1888-1889 1941-1973 1912-1958 1898-1913 1903-1955 1895-1910 1898-1899 1940-1981 1941-197] 1971- 1887-1894 1951— 1907-1957 1902-1964 ; 1924-1960 ; 1896-1937 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS JOHN C. BOYD, I THOMAS S. BRADLEE JOHN D. BRADLEY BARRON BRAINERD JOHN B. BRAINERD THOMAS M. BREWER WILLIAM BREWSTER EARLE A. BROOKS WINTHROP S. BROOKS WILLIAM S. BRYANT CARL W. BUCHHEISTER F. B. G. BUCKLEY P. A. BUCKLEY CHARLES T. CARRUTH BRIAN E. T. CASSIE ARTHUR P. CHADBOURNE CHAUNCY W. CHAMBERLAIN MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN PETER F. CANNELL ROSS E. CHAPIN LAWRENCE B. CHAPMAN CHARLES M. CHASE THEODORE CHASE, JR. DAVID CHEEVER ROBERT F. CHENEY DAVID CLAPP AUSTIN H. CLARK ELLERY H. CLARK CHARLES A. CLARKE CHARLES E. CLARKE GEORGE L. CLARKE ERNEST A. CODMAN LEON J. COLE LORING CONANT JOHN H. CONKEY WILLIAM H. COOK HAMILTON COOLIDGE PHILIP T. COOLIDGE FRANCIS R. COPE MANTON COPELAND CHARLES B. CORY G. WILLIAM COTTRELL, JR. ELLIOTT B. COUES WILLIAM P. COUES MORTON E. CUMMINGS HASKELL B. CURRY 161 1959-1979 1905-1937 1891-1892 1916-1919 1918-1926 1876-1880 1873-1919 1919-1952 1912-1965? 1887-1899 1936-1939; 1946-1976 1975- 1975-— 1891-1926 1980-— 1882-1923 1919-1930 1888-1904 1976-1977 1958— 1939-1965 1935-1968 1959-1975? 1894-1896 1933-1949 1982-— 1902-1907 1894—1895 1876-1877 1921-1958 1956— 1890-1898 1905-1907 1964-1974 1929-1962 1901-1902 1959- 1905-1908; 1965-1968 1900—1902 1900-194] 1876-1909 1938— 1890-1892 1890-1899; 1920-1944 1942-1949 1919-1953 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ERIC CUTLER PEEDOY CUPEER HENRY Hr; CUTLER RICHARD T. DARBY PHILIP J. DARLINGTON, JR. DAVID E. DAVIS EDWARD M. DAVIS MINOT DAVIS WILLIAM E. DAVIS, JR. GEORGE C. DEANE RUTHVEN DEANE WALTER DEANE JOHN V. DENNIS RICHARD DERBY JOHN W. DEWIS LEWIS DEXTER SVE O PDE Gir ERNEST S. DODGE PAUL K. DONAHUE WILLIAM B. DOWSE WILLIAM H. DRURY, JR. WALTER L. DUNBAR STEWART DUNCAN OWEN DURFEE JONATHAN DWIGHT WINCHESTER W. EAGER OSBORNE EARLE RICHARD J. EATON WARREN F. EATON GARRETT EDDY PETBR EDGE THEODORE LE ELIOT THEODORE LO ERIOT, |R. HERVEY B. ELKINS KIMBALL C. ELKINS DAVID L. EMERSON MAURICE C. EMERY RUE Ps EMERY SHEPARD G. EMILIO HENRY ENDICOTT ROGER ERNST RICHARD S. EUSTIS JOIN CA TARE RY WALTER FAXON SAMUEL P. FAY BENJAMIN G. FERRIS, JR. 162 1946— 1956-1965 1952— 1956— 1923-1939 1936-1941 1907-1915 1896-1900 1978— 1899-1930 1873-1880 1897-1930 1947-1951 1900-1903 1918-1957 1916-1923 1932-1936 1937-1956 1975— 1878-1883 1941- 1893-1894 1956-1976 1902-1933 1877-1880; 1897-1929 1876-1880 1956-1979 1929-1976 1919-1926 1936— 1931-1933 1932— 1945-1975 1946-1975 1946— 1943— 1947-1950 1974— 1928-1973 1928-1957 1940-1955 1903-1976 1921-1930 1888-1902 1910-1921; 1923-194 1958— Le) OFFICERS AND MEMBERS JESSE W. FEWKES GEORGE W. FIELD DAVIS W. FINCH RICHARD T. FISHER LAWRENCE B. FLETCHER CHARLES B. FLOYD H. CHRISTIAN FLOYD RICHARD A. FORSTER FRANCIS A. FOSTER ROBERT P. FOX ELMER FOYE NATHANIEL A. FRANCIS ABBOTT M. FRAZER H. CROWELL FREEMAN, JR. WARREN E. FREEMAN FRANCIS J. GARDNER, II JAMES E. GARDNER DAVID L. GARRISON ROBERT H. GIBBS GEORGE E. GIFFORD, JR. ARTHUR S. GILMAN JOSEPH L. GOODALE ARTHUR G. GOODRICH CARL A. GOODRICH, III GEORGE W. GOVE WILLIAM H. GRATWICK, JR. ROBERT L. L. GRAYCE HENRY V. GREENOUGH JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. DONALD R. GRIFFIN LUDLOW GRISCOM JOHN A. GRISWOLD, JR. EDWARD S. GRUSON JOSEPH A. HAGAR HENRY N. HALBERG PHILLIPS HALLOWELL TERRELL H. HAMILTON FREDERICK R. HAMLEN CHARLES E. HAMLIN FRANKLIN T. HAMMOND, JR. WILLIAM W. HANLEY RICHARD B. HARDING JOHN H. HARDY RICHARD C. HARLOW FRANCIS HARPER BRIAN A. HARRINGTON 1876-1877 1912-1920 1986— 1897-1898 1921-1958 1917-1954 1983— 1967— 1892-1903; 1921-1966 1960— 1958-1961 1880-1921 1876-1892 1976— 1907-1920 1975— 1904-1910 1936— 1958-1966 1962-1981 1896-1901 1886-1893 1896-1902 1972-1975? 1975— 1926-1933 1946-1961 1902-1976 1931-1961 1935-1948 1927-1959 1933-— 1971- 1917- 1951- 1980— 1958-1973 1976— 1876-1886 1967-1975? 1964-1975? 1924-1943 1903-1920 1937-1947? 1925-1929 1974— OFFICERS AND MEMBERS EDWARD HARRINGTON WINTHROP W. HARRINGTON, JR. STUART K. HARRIS WILLIAM G. F. HARRIS SYDNEY P. HARRISON KENNETH J. HARTE KARSTEN E. HARTEL JEREMY J. HATCH ALTON H. HATHAWAY GEORGE G. HAYDOCK STEVENS HECKSCHER RICHARD HEIL ALEXANDER HENDERSON HENRY W. HENSHAW RUSSELL S. HEPBURN FRANK S. HERSEY WILLIAM A. HICKMAN SIBLEY HIGGINBOTHAM ALFRED C. HILL NORMAN P. HILL RICHARD M. HINCHMAN GEORGE L. HINKLEY FRANK H. HITCHCOCK RALPH HOFFMAN CHARLES E. HOSMER DEBORAH V. HOWARD JAMES S. HOWE REGINALD H. HOWE CHORGHGESMERIIUINGE TR: ALPHEUS HYATT ERNEST INGERSOLL AGNAR INGOLFSON ROBERT FRANCIS JASSE JOHN A. JEFFRIES WILLIAM A. JEFFRIES CHARLES F. JENNEY DANIEL P. JOHNSON SYLVESTER D. JUDD BENNETT R. KEENAN ALLAN R. KEITH FREDERIC H. KENNARD JOHN H. KENNARD JOSEPE EWE NINEANIGIEY JR: DONALD KENNEDY ALFRED V. KIDDER LAWRENCE KILHAM 164 1876—1880 1962- 1944-1969 1937-1972 1975— 1959— 1977— 1976— 1913-1981 1946-1961 1955-19752 1981— 1941-1945 1873-1874 1932-1934 1912-1971 1896-1901 1948— 1907-1947 1942— 1931-1984 1913-1936 1890-1891 1891-1910 1876-1877 1974— 1893-1902 1894-1908 1960— 1876-1879 1873-1875 1969-1973 1964-1975? 1878-1892 1878-1948 1910-1923 1958-1967 1891-1894 1951-1979 1962- 1884—1937 1930-1940; 1964-1981 1965— 1950-1961 1904-1907; 1953-1963 1930—1934 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS LEROY KING GLEN C. KINNEY RICHARD T. KLEBER JOHN C. KRICHER CHARLES R. LAMB OLIVER S. LAROUCHE RALPH LAWSON CLIFTON F. LEATHERBEE BENJAMIN B. LEAVITT M. ROSS LEIN HENRY S. LEWIS MARCIA LITCHFIELD TREVOR LLOYD-EVANS EDWARD B. LONG WILLIAM B. LONG, JR. OLIVER A. LOTHROP ARTHUR LOVERIDGE SETH H. LOW GEORGE HENRY MACKAY WALTER P. MANTON RICHARD M. MARBLE C. RUSSELL MASON EDWARD C. MASON JOHN B. MAY CHARLES J. MAYNARD HERBERT E. MAYNARD ERNST MAYR RASARIO MAZZEO PHILIP J. MCCOOK FREDERIC B. MCKECHNIE ROBERT W. MEANS SCOTT M. MELVIN CHARLES MERRIAM GILBERT E. MERRILL ANDREW MEYERRIECKS PAUL S. MILIOTIS GERROT S. MILLER, JR. ELBRIDGE A. MINARD HENRY D. MINOT DENNIS E. MINSKY TERRIS MOORE ALLEN H. MORGAN GEORGE A. MORISON ALVA MORRISON ALBERT P. MORSE PETER R. MOTT 165 1902-1906 1971- 1955-1975? 1977— 1883-1892; 1969-— 1916-1975 1933- 1035-1935; 1970— 1958-1977 1980— 1976— 1948-1968 1940-1944 1912-1934 1924-1936 1931-1962 1889-1914 1877-1878 1910-1976 1940-1983 1887-1891 1914-1943 1875-1876 1922-1955 1953- 1945-1969 1897-1917 1902-1913 1926-1971 1986— 1892-1896; 1955-1975? 1958-1975? 1970— 1888-1894 1949-1974 1876-1883 1977— 1947— 1949-1975? 1896-1901 1935-1969 1919-1936 1959-— 1909-1940 1937-1980 1907-1915 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS JOHN MURDOCH CHAUNCEY C. NASH NATHANIEL C. NASH JOEL S. NEWMAN HOWARD G. NICHOLS JOHN T. NICHOLS WHITNEY D. NICHOLS WILLIAM F. NICHOLS BLAIR NIKULA TAN Cy i. NISBET GLADWYN K. NOBLE ROBERT L. NORTON JOHN F. O’°CONNER PATRICIA O’NEIL FRED M. PACKARD CHARLES J. PAINE ROBERT T. PAINE DEAN W. PARK HAVEN PARKER HERBERT PARKER HENRY M. PARKER INEJS IRIE 184 PARIS) JOHN H. PARRY ROBERT O. PAXTON RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR. HAROLD PAYSON, III JAMES B. PEABODY WILLIAM R. PEABODY THOMAS E. PENARD KEBLE B. PERINE GEORGE ES PERRY JSUBINIRNG |[o JEUNE JAMES IES PETERS WAYNE REED PETERSEN ROGER, PETERSON OLIN S) RET TINGIEE, JR: WILLIAM H. PHELPS JCEN CG] EEUGIERPES HUSTACE H. POOR KEVIN D. POWERS HERBERY W. PRATT HENRY A. PURDIE WILBUR B. QUAY ROBERT R. RATHBONE EDWARD H. RAYMOND ARTHUR IE. REAGH 166 1876-1880; 1907-1925 1912-1917 1946— 1946-1961 1891-1896 1902-1958 1970— 1931-1934 1981— 1975-1982 1914-1918 1977— 1976— 1983— 1932-1981 1895—1923 1950-— 1877-1879 1942— 1919-1939 1941-1971 1950-1982 1966-1982 1959— 1953-— 1976— 1971-1977 1890-1917; 1939-1941 1915-1936 1919-1925 1925-1952 1923-1926 1908-1952 1966— 1933— 1935-1975 1893-1899 1909-1938 1934-1939; 1981— 1979— 1959— 1873-1911 1947-1961 1966-1971 1980— 1891-1949 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ALFRED C. REDFIELD PARKER C,. REED SAMUELS N. RHOADS HOWARD L. RICH TUDOR RICHARDS WYMAN RICHARDSON 5. DILEON RIPLEY, i CHANDLER ROBBINS, JR. HANSON C. ROBBINS WIRT ROBINSON KAY T. ROGERS THEODORE ROOSEVELT OSCAR M. ROOT WILLIAM C. RUSSELL DOUGLAS B. SANDS WILLIAM C. SATTERFIELD FREDERICK A. SAUNDERS OLIVER K., SCOTT WILLIAM E. DD. SCOT JAMES O. SEAMANS GEORGE C. SHATTUCK HENRY SHAW JOBN A. SHETTERLY: ERWIN I. SHORES ROBERT W. SMART JOHN D. SMITH P. WILLIAM SMITH WILLIAM J. SMITH DOROTHY E. SNYDER JEWELL D. SORNBORGER BRUCE A. SORRIE THEODORE L. SOUTHACK, JR. HENRY M. SPELMAN ISAAC SPRAGUE RICHARD STACKPOLE ELIOT H. STANLEY WINFRED A. STEARNS JOHN W. STEWART CHARLES E. ST. JOHN DONALD W. STOKES LILLIAN Q. STOKES JOHN H. STORER PETER H. STOWE RUBEN M. STRONG ARTHUR P. STUBBS WILLIAM C. STURGIS 167 1911-1914 1948-198] 1891-189] 1949-1965 1935-1939; 1966— 1926-1953 194]- 1934— 1981— 1894—1899 1941-1961 1877-1880 1946-1969 1982-1986 1945— 1976— 1920-1963 1934— 1873-1874 1964— 1898-1904 1918-1942 1975— 1876-1877 1952-1979 1924-1927 1984— 1960-1975? 1974-1984 1893-1908 1973— 1960-1967 1879-1946 1931-1934 1936-— 1959-1967 1877-1879 1953-1975 1876-1878 1986— 1986— 1938-1976 1975— 1899-1901 1929-1932 1881—1882 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS ROBERT H. STYMEIST HERMAN R. SWEET WENDELL TABER JAMES A. TEULON LOUIS B. THATCHER, JR. JOHN ELIOT THAYER LOVELL THOMPSON AUGUSTUS THORNDIKE WILDER TILESTON BRADFORD TORREY RICHARD TOUSEY CHARLES W. TOWNSEND ARTHUR D. TROTTENBERG HOWARD M. TURNER CLIFFORD G. TWOMBLY WINSOR M. TYLER JOSSELYN VAN TYNE WILLIAM L. UNDERWOOD LESLIE B. VAUGHAN MARTHA VAUGHAN RICHARD R. VEIT PETER D. VICKERY STEPHEN WACHMAN JULIUS R. WAKEFIELD CHARLES F. WALCOTT ROBERT WALCOTT RICHARD K. WALTON CHARLES L. WARD, JR. JOHN L. WARD BENJAMIN B. WARFIELD GOODWIN WARNER JESSE WARREN FRANCIS B. WHITE CHARLES L. WHITTLE HENRY T. WIGGIN DAVID G. WIGGINS BERTEL G. WILLARD PAUL R. WILLIS PETER A. WILLMAN KENNETH WINKLER KENNETH WINSTON WALTER WOODMAN LEMUEL F. WOODWARD ROBERT B. WORTHINGTON HORACE W. WRIGHT SOHEIL ZENDEH HAROLD A. ZIMMERMAN 168 1977— 1950— 1930-1960 1876-1877 1931-1957 1905-1933 1920-— 1880-1888 1894—1895 1884—1886 1934— 1877-1880; 1903-1934 1965— 1903-1908 1893-1894 1909-1954 1923-1957 1907-1929 1964-1975 1986— 1980— 1984— 1977— 1885-1903 1923— 1891-1956 1978— 1949-1963 1932-1940; 1951—1961 1930-1941 1907-1918 1876-1877 1890-1948 1921-1931 1959— 1959-1975? 1907-1951 1971— 1967-1973 1983-— 1979— 1873-1878 1876-1879 1889-1892 1905-1920 1981— 1947-1980 APPENDIX II PUBLICATIONS OF THE CLUB BULLETINS (1876-1883) Vols. I-VIII, 4 nos. per volume MEMOIRS (1886— le ya Bird Migration. William Brewster. 1886. 22 pp. The Ipswich Sparrow (Ammodramus princeps Maynard) and Its Sum- mer Home. Jonathan Dwight, Jr. 1895. 56 pp., 1 col. pl. . The Birds of Essex County, Massachusetts. Charles Wendell Townsend. 1905. 352 pp., 1 pl., 1 map. . The Birds of the Cambridge Region of Massachusetts. William Brewster. 1906. 425 pp., 4 pl., 3 maps. . Supplement to the Birds of Essex County Massachusetts. Charles Wendell Townsend. 1920. 195 pp., 1 pl., 1 map. . The Birds of Cuba. Thomas Barbour. 1923. 141 pp., 4 pl. . The Birds of Newfoundland Labrador. Oliver Luther Austin, Jr. 1932. iv + 229 pp.,. Icmap. . An Account of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 1873 to 1919. Charles Foster Batchelder. 1937. 109 pp., 1 pl. . Cuban Ornithology. Thomas Barbour. 1943. 144 pp., 2 pl. . A Bibliography of the Published Writings of William Brewster. Charles Foster Batchelder. 1951. 54 pp. . History of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 1873—1986. William E. Davis, Jr. 1987, xm + 179 pp: frontispiece, 29 figs: MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS A List of the Officers and Members, Present and Past, of the Nuttall Ornithological Club of Cambridge, together with the By-laws of the Club. 18997 bo: pp: Abstract of the Minutes of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, for the year L907, 1908.19 pp: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. December, 1923. 1924. 27 pp. 169 PUBLICATIONS Nuttall Ornithological Club Outline Biographies of Members, 1919-— 1973. Compiled by Oscar Mitchell Root and Kimball Conro Elkins. 1973. 82 pp. Nuttall Ornithological Club, Members and By-laws: 1926 (Members only); 1930 (Members only); 1932; 1937; 1948; 1950 (Members only); 1952 (Members only); 1955; 1961; 1963; 1966; 1973 (Centennial edition); 1978; 1986. This list may be incomplete. PUBLICATIONS (1957— l. The Comparative Biology of the Meadowlarks (Sturnella) in Wis- consin. Wesley E. Lanyon. 1957. 66 pp., 31 pl. . Comparative Breeding Behavior of Four Species of North Amer- ican Herons. Andrew J. Meyerriecks. 1960. 158 pp., 15 pl. . Structural Adaptations of the Head and Neck in the Black Skim- mer Rynchops nigra Linnaeus. Richard L. Zusi. 1962. 101 pp., 5 ta- bles, 44 figs. . The Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficolls (Viellot): A Study Based on Its Breeding Biology in Michigan. William A. Lunk. 1962. HOS pp: Oatiess.> Die . Ecology and Bioenergetics of the Long-billed Marsh Wren Telma- todytes palustris griseus (Brewster) in Georgia Salt Marshes. Herbert Wo Kale, Ie 196b: 142 pp:; oll tables, 22 figs: . Communication and Relationships in the Genus Tyrannus. W. John Smith. 1966. 250 pp., 3 tables, 51 figs. . Life Histories of Central American Highland Birds. Alexander F. Skutch. 1967. 213 pp., 1 table, 6 figs. . Breeding Biology of the Blue-faced Booby Sula dactylatra personata on Green Island, Kure Atoll. Cameron B. Kepler. 1969. 97 pp., 42 tables, 32 figs. . Species Taxa of North American Birds. A Contribution to Com- parative Systematics. Ernst Mayr and Lester L. Short. 1970. 127 pp., 8 tables. . Studies of Tropical American Birds. Alexander F. Skutch. 1972. 228 pp., 2 tables, 15 figs. . Communication and other Social Behavior in Parus carolinensis. Su- sam dl Smith, 1972, 125) pp. Gy tables, 22 tres: . Avifauna of the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. Jared M. Dia- mond. 1972. 438 pp., 19 tables, 42 figs., 4 maps. 170 16. lle 20. PUBLICATIONS . Geographical Differentiation in the Genus Accipiter. Jan Wattel. 1973. 231 pp., 82 tables, 21 figs., 27 maps. . Avian Speciation in Tropical South America. With a Systematic Survey of the oucans (Ramphastidae) and Jacamars (Galbulidae). Jurgen Haffer. 1974. 390 pp., 31 tables, 85 figs., 2 pl. . Avian Energetics. Raymond A. Paynter, Jr. (editor). 1974. 334 pp., 48 tables, 57 figs. Comparative Study of ‘Todies (Todidae), with Emphasis on the Puerto Rican Tody, Todus mexicanus. Angela K. Kepler. 1977. 206 pp., 37 tables, 67 figs., 7 maps. Relationships of the Superorders Alectoromorphae and Charad- riomorphae (Aves): A Comparative Study of the Avian Hand. Boris C. Stegmann. 1978. 119 p., 37 figs. . Geographic Variation in Social Behavior and in Adaptations to Competition among Andean Birds. Martin Moynihan. 1979. 162 pp., frontispiece, 42 tables, 16 figs., 1 map. . New Studies of Tropical American Birds. Alexander F. Skutch. 1981. 281 pp., 7 tables, 11 figs. Life History Studies of Woodpeckers of Eastern North America. Lawrence Kilham. 1983. 240 pp., frontispiece, 58 figs. 171 APPENDIX III BYLAWS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, INC. AS AMENDED 27 JUNE 1983 Article I. Name and Purpose Section 1. The Club shall be called the Nuttall Ornithological Club, Incorporated. Section 2. Its purpose shall be to promote ornithology; to encour- age acquaintance and discussion among its members, to foster and up- hold scientific methods and standards of accuracy, and to publish mem- oirs, journals, and other papers on ornithological subjects. Article II. Officers Section |. The officers of the Club shall be a President, a Vice Pres- ident, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, each of whom shall be elected at the Annual Meeting of the Club for a one-year term; and six Council- lors, of whom two shall be elected at each Annual Meeting for a three year term. Each officer unless sooner separated by death, resignation, or removal, shall hold his office for the term to which he is elected, and until his successor is elected. Section 2. ‘Together the officers of the Club shall constitute the Council. Article III. Powers and Duties of the Council Section 1. ‘The Council, five members of which shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, shall manage and control the property and affairs of the Club, shall direct the expenditure of its funds, shall superintend all Club publications, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed in the Bylaws. Section 2. The Council shall meet annually at such time, subsequent to the Annual Meeting of the Club and prior to the first regular meet- ing of the Club in January, as the President may determine and at such other times as the President or three Council members may request. Each meeting shall convene on the call of the Secretary, who shall mail a notice of time, place, and proposed business to each officer at least five days before the meeting. Section 3. From time to time the Council may appoint committees 173 BYLAWS and agents for such purposes and periods as it deems expedient, but it shall retain the power to terminate such appointments at pleasure. Section 4. The Council, at its Annual Meeting, shall elect three Res- ident Members of the Club as Trustees of a Publication Fund, as here- inafter provided, and an Editor of the Club’s publications, each of whom, unless sooner resigned or removed, shall hold office for the ensuing year or until another has been chosen in his stead. In its sole discretion the Council may remove a Trustee or the Editor, at any time, for cause; and it shall fill vacancies as they occur, whether from death, resigna- tion, or removal. At the request and recommendation of the Trustees, or at its sole discretion, the Council may engage a National Bank or Trust Company to act as Co-Trustee or agent with such powers and duties and on such terms as it may determine. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such powers and duties may include cus- tody of the Fund, keeping records for all transactions, and advising the Trustees with respect to investments and changes of investment as de- termined by such Bank or ‘Trust Company. Such designation as Co- Trustee or agent may be changed by the Council from time to time and at any time, and with or without cause. Section 5. The Council may use any accumulated income of the Publication Fund for the publication of Club memoirs and other papers relating to scientific ornithology; or it may add any income to the prin- cipal of the Fund. Section 6. The Council may direct the Trustees to withdraw from the principal of the Publication Fund such amounts, for a purpose within the general purposes of the Club, as the Club may authorize from time to time, but the vote to authorize withdrawal must follow exactly the procedures and provisos set forth in Article XVI for the amendment of these Bylaws, and otherwise shall be invalid. Article [V. Powers and Duties of Trustees. Section |. The Trustees shall hold as a permanent Publication Fund, with power to invest, sell, and reinvest, all moneys and other property put into their hands for this purpose by the Council. They may main- tain the principal of the Fund by transfers from accumulations of in- come. Any balance of accumulated income they shall hold subject to order of the Council. Section 2. Within ninety days of the end of each fiscal year, the Trustees shall transmit to the Council a written report of their trans- actions during such fiscal year, together with a detailed statement, com- plete to the close of such fiscal year, of investment and cash balances in the Publication Fund, and the balance of accumulated income. 174 BYLAWS Article V. Duties of Officers Section 1) In general, officers shall perform the usual duties of their positions, shall serve as members of the Council, and shall perform such other duties as are prescribed, or as may be imposed by their exercise of the powers granted to them, in these Bylaws. Section 2. The President shall preside at meetings of the Club and the Council. Section 3. ‘The Vice President shall perform the duties of the Pres- ident in his absence or during a vacancy in that office. Section 4. The Secretary, or in his absence a Secretary protem ap- pointed by the President, shall keep a true record of the proceedings at all meetings of the Club and of the Council. He shall maintain an accurate roll of the members showing their full names, addresses, and dates of election. He shall have custody of the archives and records of the Club other than those of the Treasurer and the Trustees. He shall give notice in the prescribed manner of all meetings of the Club, and of the Council. He shall conduct the correspondence of the Club, and shall notify all persons elected to membership or to office, or appointed to committees or other positions. He shall report promptly to the Club all votes of the Council. He shall timely communicate to the Club the current annual report of the Trustees to the Council. Section 5. The Treasurer in the exercise of any of his duties or pow- ers shall be subject to the direction and supervision of the Council. He shall have charge of all cash, bank deposits, and fiscal property, in- cluding unsold publications of the Club, except those assets held by the Trustees in accordance with the provisions of Article IV. He shall col- lect and disburse the moneys of the Club, other than those held by the Trustees, and for this purpose he shall have power to endorse for de- posit or collection all cheques, drafts, and similar instruments payable to the Club or its order. He shall keep, or cause to be kept, accurate books of account and at the Annual Meeting of the Club, shall present a detailed report of all its receipts and expenditures during the last fiscal year and of its assets on hand at the end of the year, in such form and with such additional information as the Council shall from time to time direct. At other times, he shall prepare such interim reports as the Council may request. Article VI. Nominating Committee Section 1. At the May meeting of the Club in each year the Presi- dent shall appoint a Nominating Committee of not less than three Res- ident Members, who shall not be officers. Section 2. The Nominating Committee shall present to the first reg- 75 BYLAWS ular meeting of the Club in November, and file with the Secretary, a list of nominees eligible for election as officers at the next Annual Meet- ing of the Club. Section 3. Additional nominations of eligible candidates for any of- fice may be filed with the Secretary, in writing, over the signatures of three Resident Members, at any meeting of the Club in November or by mail to the Secretary, at an address to be announced at the first meeting of the Club in November, but, in both cases, at least fourteen days before the Annual Meeting of the Club. Section 4. The report of the Nominating Committee, and a list of any additional nominations meeting the requirements of Section 3 of this Article, shall be included with the call for the Annual Meeting. Article VII. Eligibility for Office Section 1. No member who is completing three consecutive terms as President or Vice President at the time of any Annual Meeting shall be eligible for election to the same office for the next succeeding term. Section 2. No member of the Council who is completing a full elec- tive term as Councillor at the time of any Annual Meeting shall be el- igible to serve again, either by election or by appointment to fill a va- cancy, during the next following year, unless he shall at such Annual Meeting be elected President, Vice President, Secretary, or Treasurer, in which event he shall serve on the Council ex officio. Article VIII. Election of Officers Section |. Election of officers at the Annual Meeting shall be by written ballot, from the list of eligible nominees presented to the Club in accordance with Article VI. A Nominee for any office shall be de- clared elected when he receives a majority of all ballots cast; in the ab- sence of a majority, balloting shall continue. Section 2. The election of any member to an office for which he is ineligible shall be null and void. Article IX. Vacancies among Officers Section 1. In case of the disability, resignation, or death of the Pres- ident, the Vice President shall perform the duties of the President until the next Annual Meeting. Section 2. A vacancy in any other office shall be filled by majority vote of the Council for the remainder of the unexpired term. Article X. Membership Section |. The Club shall have two active classes of members: Res- ident and Honorary. They shall be elected by the Council. 176 BYLAWS Section 2. Resident Members shall be persons with a serious interest in ornithology, who, at the time of their election, may be expected to attend meetings of the Club with reasonable regularity. Resident Mem- bers alone shall be entitled to vote on any matters of Club business, or to hold office. A candidate for membership shall be proposed by two or more Resident Members, given in writing to the Secretary on a form obtainable from the Secretary. Copies of any pending proposals for membership shall be circulated to the Members of the Council by the Secretary together with the notice of the meeting at which action could be taken on such proposal. The nomination may be acted upon during any subsequent meeting of the Council at which the election of new members is specified on the notice of meeting. Election shall require the affirmative vote of six (6) Members of the Council. The Council may elect or exclude a candidate or may table a proposal for member- ship for further consideration. The Secretary shall promptly inform a candidate’s sponsors of whatever action the Council has taken on a pro- posal for membership. Every newly elected Resident Member shall, within three months of the date of his election, pay to the Treasurer an En- trance Fee of five dollars, and shall not be entitled to the rights and privileges of membership until he has so paid. A new member, from the date of his election, shall be liable for dues in the same way as other members. An excluded candidate may be renominated for membership after a period of not less than six months from the date of the vote by which he was excluded. Section 3. Honorary Members shall be ornithologists of such em- inence that the Club desires to include them among its members though distance or lack of time may prevent their regular attendance at meet- ings. They shall be elected in the same manner as Resident Members, but shall not exceed ten in number. They may attend meetings at their pleasure, and take part in the discussions of the Club. They shall not be liable for entrance fees or dues. Article XI. Dues Every Resident Member shall be subject to annual dues of ten dollars, payable on the date of the Annual Meeting. The Council may, by a three-fourths vote, exempt any member from payment of dues. Article XII. ‘Termination of Membership Section 1. Any member whose dues are fully paid may withdraw from the Club by filing written notice of his intention with the Secre- tary. Section 2. The name of any member whose dues or indebtedness 7 BYLAWS to the Club remains unpaid for thirteen months shall be erased from the roll. Section 3. Any member may be expelled from the Club by a vote of three-fourths of the Resident Members present at a meeting specially called for the purpose, a written notice having been mailed to each Resident Member at least thirty days previous to the date thereof. Article XIII. Meetings of the Club Section 1. Regular meetings of the Club shall be held each month from October to June inclusive. Section 2. The first regular meeting in December shall be the An- nual Meeting. If, by oversight, lack of quorum, or otherwise, the An- nual Meeting is not held on the day provided, a Special Meeting shall be called in its place, and any business or election which is accomplished at such meeting shall have the same effect as though the action had been taken at the Annual Meeting. Section 3. Special meetings of the Club shall be called by the Sec- retary upon written request of the President or ten Resident Members. Section 4. Notice of a regular meeting shall be mailed by the Sec- retary to each Resident Member at least five days before the date of the meeting. Notice of an Annual Meeting, or of a Special Meeting called in lieu thereof, or for any other purpose, and of any meeting at which a recommendation by the Council for the alteration or amend- ment of these Bylaws is to be presented for action, shall be mailed at least ten days before the date of the meeting. Notice of the meeting called under Section 3 of Article XII of these Bylaws shall comply with the requirements of said section. Section 5. At any meeting of the Club, ten Resident Members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business except as provided in Article XVI. Article XIV. Audit The books and accounts of the Treasurer and of the Trustees shall be audited at least once in each year by an Auditing Committee of one or more persons appointed by the Council. Article XV. Fiscal Year The fiscal year of the Club shall end on the thirty-first day of October of each year. Article XVI. Amendment of Bylaws Upon the specific recommendation of the Council, these Bylaws may be altered or amended at any meeting of the Club by a three-quarters 178 BYLAWS vote of those present and voting, provided that notice of the meeting has been given as prescribed in Section 4 of Article XIII, that the sub- ject matter of the proposed alteration or amendment has been stated in the notice of the meeting, and that not less than sixteen Resident Members are present at the time of voting. 179 OLs71 .N87 1987 eae fie Nuttall, Ornitholog | iii i i THERM